SynthesisBMC geriatrics2024
Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC geriatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence of prolonged grief disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic under standardized diagnostic frameworks: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Vaccination Status, and Dementia Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Burden of 292 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in Iran, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Article
- Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Relationships Between Viral Infections and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Infection, vaccination and risk of dementia: a proposed immunological model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Examining neuroimaging biomarkers, plasma biomarkers and cognitive functions in patients with recovered COVID-19 infection: a multicentre study using 7T MRI.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Treatment experiences, preferences, and expectations for cognitive impairments in long COVID among Chinese young and older adults: a constructivist grounded theory study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The Effort, Dyspnea, and Cooperation Scores in Mild and Moderate Post-COVID-19 Patients: Results of a Retrospective Study.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Neurocognitive Impairment After COVID-19: Mechanisms, Phenotypes, and Links to Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Identifying risk factors and predicting long COVID in a Spanish cohort.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Mental Distress and Well-Being Among Older People: A Gender Analysis in the First and Last Year of the Pandemic and in the Post-Pandemic Period.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Infarct volume as a predictor and therapeutic target in post-stroke cognitive impairment.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- How well is messaging about the importance of vaccination for people living with dementia being communicated? A jurisdictional scan of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups and dementia advocacy organizations.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between COVID-19 infection and a possible increased likelihood of older adults developing new-onset dementia (NOD) remains elusive.
methodsA thorough search was performed across several databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, medRxiv, and PQDT Global for studies published in English from January 2020 to December 2023. Only original investigations exploring the link between COVID-19 infection and NOD were selected for inclusion. We assessed the risk of developing NOD, using Risk Ratio (RR) for measurement. Control groups were categorized as: (i) a non-COVID cohort with other respiratory infections [control group (C1)]; and (ii) a non-COVID cohort with otherwise unspecified health status [control group (C2)]. Follow-up periods were divided into intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-COVID.
results11 studies (involving 939,824 post-COVID-19 survivors and 6,765,117 controls) were included in the review. Across a median observation period of 12 months post-COVID, the overall incidence of NOD was about 1.82% in the COVID-infected group, compared to 0.35% in the non-COVID-infected group. The overall pooled meta-analysis showed a significantly increased NOD risk among COVID-19 older adult survivors compared to non-COVID-19 controls (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.21-2.08). Similar increased NOD risks were observed in subgroup analyses restricted to an observational period of 12 months (RR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.21-2.01), as well as in five studies that employed propensity score matching to sufficiently and effectively control for multiple confounding covariates (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.94). COVID-19 group and C1 group shared a comparably increased risk of developing NOD (overall RR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.92-1.38). DISCUSSION: Under normal circumstances, we believe that COVID-19 infection is likely to be a risk factor for developing NOD in older adults over time. While the increased NOD risk due to COVID-19 infection appears to be similar to that associated with other respiratory infections, it warrants and necessitates investigation with longer observations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.