ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
The Role of Hypothalamic Microglia in the Onset of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Neuro-Immune Perspective.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Antidiabetic Therapies in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Metformin, Pioglitazone, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Immunometabolism in Obesity-Associated Type 2 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Brain insulin resistance as a driver of proteinopathy in neurodegeneration: from cell-type-specific mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Reconstituting central nervous system niche cues partially restores homeostatic-like features in cultured murine primary microglia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disruption, Neuroinflammation, and Potential Antioxidant-Based Treatments in Metabolic Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The promise of GLP-1 receptor agonists for neurodegenerative diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- The neuro-immune axis in preeclampsia: from the maternal-fetal interface to systemic dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular RNAs as Messengers and Early Biomarkers in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Polygenic risk score and cluster-based analysis suggests links between type 2 diabetes and vascular dementia in the KARE study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Cyclophilin A and C are the Main Components of Extracellular Vesicles in Response to Hyperglycemia in BV2 Microglial Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Post-translational modifications orchestrate mTOR-driven cell death in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Historically, microglial activation has been associated with diseases of a neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory nature. Some, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy, have been explored extensively, while others pertaining to metabolism not so much. However, emerging evidence points to hypothalamic inflammation mediated by microglia as a driver of metabolic dysregulations, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we explore this connection further and examine pathways that underlie this relationship, including the IKKβ/NF-κβ, IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, mTOR-S6 Kinase, JAK/STAT, and PPAR-γ signaling pathways. We also investigate the role of non-coding RNAs, namely microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in insulin resistance related to neuroinflammation and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Finally, we explore therapeutics further, searching for both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can help mitigate microglial activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.