ArticleAnnals of medicine2025
Characteristics, outcomes and the necessity of continued guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with heart failure with improved ejection fraction.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- In-Hospital Improved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Ketosis and ketoacidosis in hospitalized patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Heart Failure in Poland: A 20-Year Epidemiological Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Chronic Heart Failure Rehabilitation: Diaphragm Training Needs More Attention.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of Guben Tongluo formula in treating chronic kidney disease (stage G3): a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMuch remains to be learned about patients with heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF).
objectiveThis study sheds light on the characteristics and clinical outcomes of HFimpEF patients, including the consequences of halting guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT).
methodsThis retrospective study was conducted on patients diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who underwent a second echocardiogram at least 6 months apart between January 2009 and February 2023. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The second outcome was recurrent HFrEF.
resultsOf 4,560 HFrEF patients were included, 3,289 (72.1%) achieved HFimpEF within a median follow-up period of 3.4 years (IQR: 1.8 - 5.9 years). Among these HFimpEF patients, recurrent HFrEF was observed in 941 (28.6%) patients during a median follow-up period of 2.3 years (IQR: 0.8-4.6 years). The proportion of patients who halted GDMT was 70.4%, 53.2%, 59.8% and 63.8% for MRA, beta-blockers, ACEI/ARB/ARNI and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, larger left ventricular diastolic dimension and non-use GDMT are associated with recurrent HFrEF. Individuals without GDMT use exhibited lower chances of persistently recovering ejection fraction and high risks of MACEs compared to those who continue use.
conclusionsHFimpEF is a common condition across all clinical follow-ups. Prevalent discontinuation of GDMT medications may contribute significantly to recurrent HFrEF, placing patients at a higher risk for poor prognosis.
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