Evidence mapPaperPMID 39692035Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025

Trends in Sudden Cardiac Death Among Adults Aged 25 to 44 Years in the United States: An Analysis of 2 Large US Databases.

Marco Zuin, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Rahul Aggarwal, Matteo Bertini, Behnood Bikdeli, Nada Hamade, Hannah Leyva, Andrea Natale, Giuseppe Boriani, Gregory Piazza

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Early complications and long-term outcomes of patients treated with a subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillator: temporal trends and clinical implications of the anaesthetic strategies adopted at implant.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026
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  9. Diagnostic yield in families to sudden cardiac death victims: a 10-year follow-up study.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Marco ZuinDepartment of Translational Medicine University of Ferrara Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4559-1292
Sanghamitra MohantyTexas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute St. David's Medical Center Austin TX.ORCID 0000-0001-6601-944X
Rahul AggarwalHeart and Vascular Center Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA.ORCID 0000-0002-4746-8511
Matteo BertiniDepartment of Translational Medicine University of Ferrara Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5285-7140
Behnood BikdeliCardiovascular Medicine Division and Thrombosis Research Group Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA.ORCID 0000-0003-1428-879X
Nada HamadeCardiovascular Medicine Division and Thrombosis Research Group Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA.
Hannah LeyvaCardiovascular Medicine Division and Thrombosis Research Group Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA.
Andrea NataleTexas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute St. David's Medical Center Austin TX.ORCID 0000-0002-5487-0728
Giuseppe BorianiCardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena Modena Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9820-4815
Gregory PiazzaDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA.ORCID 0000-0003-1407-5276

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) in early adults aged 25 to 44 years represents an important and unexpected cause of death. We assessed trends in SCD-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020 among early adults to determine differences by sex, ethnoracial groups, urbanization, and census region. METHODS AND

resultsMortality data were retrieved from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) data set from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates were assessed using the Joinpoint regression modeling and expressed as estimated average annual percentage change with relative 95% CIs. Trends in prevalence of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke, which may have contributed to SCD-related mortality over the same period, were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. From 1999 to 2020, 10 516 US early adults aged 25 to 44 years had SCD (7832 men and 2684 women), resulting in 3.72 deaths per 1000 population, or a mean of 478 deaths annually. The relative age-adjusted mortality rate increased linearly (average annual percentage change: +1.0% [95% CI, 0.3-1.8]), without sex differences. The age-adjusted mortality rate increase was more pronounced in Black patients, Hispanic/Latinx patients, and residents of rural areas. Higher absolute numbers of SCDs were clustered in the South (47.6%). During the same period, the prevalence of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke plateaued. SCD-related mortality associated with opioids/stimulants overdose significantly increased over the entire study period.

conclusionsSCD-related mortality among early adults has increased over the last 2 decades in the United States with notable racial and regional disparities.

Indexed as

Death, Sudden, CardiacAdultAge DistributionCause of DeathDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansMaleNutrition SurveysPrevalenceRisk FactorsSex DistributionTime FactorsUnited Statescardiovascular diseasemortalitysudden cardiac deathtrend

Identifiers

PMID39692035
PMCPMC12054444

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.