Trial report in Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registry
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what money
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Yiqing WangFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-1984-1777
Zhen ZhouFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Jonathan C BroderFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-0776-1278
Robyn L WoodsFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-1249-6149
Suzanne Gaye OrchardFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-0211-3183
Rory WolfeFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0002-2126-1045
Erika J ErnstFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0002-1730-4970
Joanne RyanFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0002-7039-6325
Michael E ErnstFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-0267-4888
Andrew T ChanFrom the Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit (Y.W., A.T.C.), and Division of Gastroenterology (Y.W., A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Z.Z., J.C.B., R.L.W., S.G.O., R.W., J.R.), Monash University, Melbourne; Menzies Institute for Medical Research (Z.Z.), University of Tasmania, Australia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science (E.J.E.. M.E.E.), College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine (M.E.E.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (A.T.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; and Cancer Center (A.T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0001-7284-6767
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
6 · The paper itself
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAntibiotics rapidly reduce intestinal bacterial diversity, leading to dysbiosis that persists for months to years. Although emerging evidence from retrospective and claims-based studies has linked dysbiosis to cognitive function, prospective data are lacking. We aim to examine the prospective association of antibiotics with cognitive aging among initially healthy older adults.
methodsWe leveraged data from prospective follow-up and observational extension of ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly, a completed randomized trial of community-based Australian older adults. Among participants whose prescription records were available and without dementia during the first 2 years of follow-up, we identified any or repeated antibiotic use based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code (J01). We assessed the associations of antibiotic use during the first 2 years with longitudinal changes in standardized composite and domain-specific cognitive scores (global cognition, episodic memory, language and executive function, and psychomotor speed) using linear mixed models, and with incident, clinically adjudicated dementia (
resultsOver a median of 4.7 years after the second follow-up visit, we documented 461 dementia and 2,576 CIND cases among 13,571 participants (mean age ± SD 75.0 ± 4.1 years, 54.3% female). Compared with nonuse, antibiotic use was not associated with increased risks for dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% CI 0.84-1.25), CIND (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.11), or subsequent declines in cognitive scores, after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, family history of dementia, baseline cognitive function, and medications known to affect cognition. There were also no associations according to the cumulative frequency of antibiotic use, long-term use, specific antibiotic classes (e.g., beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides), and subgroups defined by risk factors. DISCUSSION: Among initially healthy older adults, any or repeated antibiotic use was not associated with incident dementia, CIND, or accelerated cognitive decline. Although prescription data may not reflect the actual use, we examined the frequency of antibiotics within a defined period to capture the extent and duration of antibiotic exposure. Our results do not support an association between antibiotic-associated gut microbiome disruption and dementia risk.
Indexed as
Anti-Bacterial AgentsCognitive DysfunctionDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overAustraliaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsAnti-Bacterial Agents
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.
Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults. · full record | Socratic