Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39693849›Full record

SynthesisThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2025

Association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jiarui Zhao, Yuan Peng, Zhenfang Lin, Yulai Gong

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. When bad turns good: a systematic review on cholesterol and LDL in longitudinal patient cohorts with Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Adherence toFrontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Pooled it
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
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  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Metabolic Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jiarui ZhaoCollege of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue West, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Yuan PengGuangzhou First People's Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Zhenfang LinAffiliated Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital of the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 81, Bayi Road, Yongning Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Yulai GongAffiliated Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital of the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 81, Bayi Road, Yongning Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Electronic address: Gongyulai990609@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, and past research suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may influence the risk of PD. However, there are varying conclusions among different studies regarding the correlation between long-term adherence to the MD and the occurrence of PD. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between MD adherence and PD incidence.

methodsThis meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024520410). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases to identify observational studies, including prospective cohorts, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, up to February 2024. Studies reported on MD adherence were included, with MD adherence categorized through a quantifying score or index. The pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the highest versus the lowest categories of MD score in relation to PD risk, using random-effects models. Additionally, bias assessment, heterogeneity assessment, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed. A total of 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis.

resultsThe overall effect size of PD risk was as follows: compared to the lowest adherence to the MD, the highest adherence to MD showed a significant negative correlation with the incidence of PD, with an overall OR of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.84). Specifically, in studies diagnosing PD, the overall OR was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.94), while in studies diagnosing prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD), the overall OR was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.59, 0.76). For individuals aged <60 years, the overall OR was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.62, 0.78), whereas, for those aged ≥60 years, the overall OR was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.74, 0.99).

conclusionsThe evidence from this meta-analysis demonstrates a significant negative correlation between adherence to MD patterns and the risk of PD, suggesting that the MD may serve as a protective factor for PD. This dietary pattern may be particularly beneficial in reducing the risk of pPD.

Indexed as

Diet, MediterraneanParkinson DiseasePatient ComplianceAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsMediterranean dietMeta-analysisNutritionParkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID39693849
PMCPMC12180059

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.