SynthesisEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2024
Cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis induced by intermittent hypoxia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent data.
Synthesis in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Chronic Cerebral Hypoxia and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Chronic Mountain Sickness, Anemia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Oxidative and Inflammatory Mechanisms Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia Leading to Vascular Alterations in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Pooled it
- Acupuncture improves blood-brain barrier integrity through multi-targeted mechanisms: a preclinical meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroprotective Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Delivered Orientin Against Hypoxia-Induced Brain Injury in Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Membrane Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular and Cellular Signaling Pathways of the Effects of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia on the Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Differential cardiovascular and autonomic responses to structurally distinct intermittent hypoxia paradigms in rats.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Development and External Validation of an Interpretable Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Multicenter Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Astrocytes at the crossroads of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease: from oxygen sensing to neurodegeneration.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Reactive Oxidative Species in Carotid Body Chemoreception: Their Role in Oxygen Sensing and Cardiorespiratory Alterations Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Parkinson's Disease: Bidirectional Clinical and Pathophysiologic Links.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association Between the Nutritional Inflammatory Index and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk: Insights from the NHANES 2015-2020 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cognitive Function, Sleep, and Neuroinflammatory Markers in Mice Exposed to Very Long-Term Intermittent Hypoxia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intraoperative hypotension trajectories and their predictive value for major postoperative complications: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) contributes to cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive decline. Preclinical studies support the deleterious impact on the brain of intermittent hypoxia (IH), one of the main components of OSA, but heterogeneity in rodent species and brain regions studied, or induced by IH paradigms, can challenge interpretation of the studies. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of IH on rodent brain oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). PubMed and Web of Science searches identified 663 articles related to IH exposure, of which 60 were included. The examined outcomes were oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, HIF-1 or BDNF in brains. Standardised mean difference was used to compare studies. Metaregressions were performed to clarify the impact of IH exposure parameters, rodent characteristics or cerebral localisation on these outcomes. IH-induced oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and decreased superoxide dismutase), increased inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-α, NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase), HIF-1 and apoptosis evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling and cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and BDNF expression were not significantly modified. Metaregressions showed that MDA, NOX and BDNF were associated with determinants of IH cycles (inspired oxygen fraction and duration of hypoxia) and some parameters depended on localisation. Rodent characteristics had little impact on the outcomes. Our meta-analysis robustly establishes that IH, independently of other confounders, has a strong effect on the brain by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rodent models. Our findings support the interest of considering and treating cerebral consequences of OSA in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.