Observational studyJournal of medical Internet research2025
Effectiveness and Safety of the TRIO Optimal Health Management Program in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Initiating Basal Insulin Therapy: Prospective Observational Real-World Study.
Observational study in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nurses' Roles in Supporting Digital Engagement and Self-Management in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence-Based Health Education Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
- Telehealth for Integrated Cardiovascular and Diabetes Management: A Scoping Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes, a chronic disease necessitating long-term treatment and self-management, presents significant challenges for patients who spend most of their treatment time outside of hospitals. The potential of digital therapeutics for diabetes has garnered recognition from different organizations. Although some prior studies have demonstrated successful reductions in patients' blood glucose levels and body weight through digital diabetes programs, many studies were limited by including patients with prediabetes, including patients treated with mostly premixed insulin, or evaluating user engagement outcomes rather than clinical outcomes. Consequently, limited evidence remains regarding the effectiveness of health management mobile apps specifically designed for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiating basal insulin (BI). Based on this, a data-based and artificial intelligence management system named "TRIO" was developed to provide patients with more personalized intervention methods in stages, in groups, and around the clock. TRIO assists doctors and nurses in achieving better blood glucose controls, truly carries out standardized management around patients, and allows them to have a higher quality of life. TRIO represents the 3 essential pillars in comprehensive diabetes management: physician, nurse, and patient.
objectiveThis prospective observational study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the TRIO optimal health management program for patients with T2DM initiating BI therapy in a real-world setting.
methodsPatients aged 18-85 years with inadequate glycemic control (baseline hemoglobin A
resultsA total of 199,431 patients were included, and 118,134 patients completed the 3-month follow-up between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, involving 574 hospitals in China. The mean baseline HbA
conclusionsThe TRIO optimal health management program effectively improved glycemic control in patients with T2DM initiating BI therapy. Individualized treatment approaches considering patient characteristics and glycemic goals are vital for optimal outcomes.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.