Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39694966›Full record

ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2025

Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Impact of Delivery Systems.

Nishi Agrawal, Ganesh Kumar, Sree Prakash Pandey, Shweta Yadav, Manoj Kumar, M S Sudheesh, Ravi Shankar Pandey

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nishi AgrawalDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India.
Ganesh KumarDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India.
Sree Prakash PandeyDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India.
Shweta YadavDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India.
Manoj KumarDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India.
M S SudheeshDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, India.
Ravi Shankar PandeyDepartment of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India.

Funding

Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 35/09/2022-Nano/BMS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, leading to hyperglycemia and various complications. Despite insulin replacement therapy, there is a need for therapies targeting the underlying autoimmune response. This review aims to explore the mechanistic insights into T1D pathogenesis and the impact of delivery systems on immunotherapy. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to T1D development, triggering an immune-mediated attack on β-cells. T cells, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, play a central role in β-cell destruction. Antigen- specific immunotherapy is a unique way to modify the immune system by targeting specific antigens (substances that trigger the immune system) for immunotherapy. It aims to restore immune tolerance by targeting autoantigens associated with T1D. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems offer precise antigen delivery, promoting immune tolerance induction. Various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of autoantigens and immunomodulatory agents in preclinical models, and several patents have been made in T1D. Combining antigen-specific immunotherapy with β-cell regeneration strategies presents a promising approach for T1D treatment. However, challenges remain in optimizing delivery systems for targeted immune modulation while ensuring safety and efficacy.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Drug Delivery SystemsImmunotherapyAnimalsAutoantigensHumansAutoantigensantigen-specific immunotherapy.autoantigensautoimmune responseImmunological tolerancepancreatic β cellstype-1 diabetes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.