ReviewCellular & molecular biology letters2024
Decoding the enigmatic estrogen paradox in pulmonary hypertension: delving into estrogen metabolites and metabolic enzymes.
Review in Cellular & molecular biology letters, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global burden and epidemiological determinants of pulmonary arterial hypertension among women aged 55 years and older: a GBD 2023 analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- 17β-Estradiol and Its Metabolites Induce Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids in Primary Porcine Thyroid Follicular Cells-Comparison Between Sexes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Peripheral organ crosstalk in the regulation of ovarian endocrine function and reproductive homeostasis.Life medicine · 2025Review
- Estrogen Degradation Metabolites: Some Effects on Heart Mitochondria.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for pulmonary hypertension.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- LONP1 facilitates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell glycolytic reprogramming by degrading MPC1 in pulmonary hypertension.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) presents a puzzling sex bias, being more prevalent in women yet often less severe than in men, and the underlying reasons remain unclear. Studies using animal models, and limited clinical data have revealed a protective influence of exogenous estrogens, known as the estrogen paradox. Research suggests that beyond its receptor-mediated effects, estrogen acts through metabolites such as 2-ME2, 4-OHE2, and 16-OHE2, which are capable of exhibiting protective or detrimental effects in PH, prompting the need to explore their roles in PH to untangle sex differences and the estrogen paradox. Hypoxia disrupts the balance of estrogen metabolites by affecting the enzymes responsible for estrogen metabolism. Delving into the role of these metabolic enzymes not only illuminates the sex difference in PH but also provides a potential rationale for the estrogen paradox. This review delves into the intricate interplay between estrogen metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and PH, offering a deeper understanding of sex-specific differences and the perplexing estrogen paradox in the context of this condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.