Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39696219›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2024

Global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias attributed to metabolic risks from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Xinyi Zhang, Tongtong Guo, Ya Zhang, Min Jiao, Lihong Ji, Zhiwei Dong, Haiyan Li, Shanquan Chen, Wengui Zheng, Qi Jing

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xinyi ZhangSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Tongtong GuoSchool of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Ya ZhangSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Min JiaoSchool of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
Lihong JiSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Zhiwei DongSchool of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Haiyan LiSchool of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Shanquan ChenInternational Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Wengui ZhengSchool of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
Qi JingSchool of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China. jingq@sdsmu.edu.cn.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China 72004165the Team Research Project of the "Youth Innovation Team Program" at Shandong Provincial Higher Education Institution 2022RW075
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias increases with greater global exposure to metabolic risks, making this a crucial public health issue. This study aimed to report the metabolism-attributable global burden of AD and other dementias from 1990 to 2021.

methodsThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 collected data on the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) related to AD and other dementias caused by metabolic risks, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and high body mass index (BMI). The analysis assessed the disease burden and temporal patterns worldwide, examining data by region, country, level of social development, age group, and sex.

resultsGlobally, the count of AD and other dementia-related deaths due to metabolic risks grew from 98,608 to 399,824, a 4.1-fold increase. For dementias related to high FPG and high BMI, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) increased with age and were higher in females than in males. In 2021, the highest burden was observed in high-income North America. The ASMR and ASDR have grown worldwide between 1990 and 2021. The burden of metabolism-related AD and other dementias was positively correlated with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), with higher ASMR and ASDR in high SDI regions but showing more pronounced increases in low and low-middle SDI regions.

conclusionsMetabolism-related global burden of AD and other dementias is increasing, particularly among women and in high-income regions. Targeted prevention programs for dementia should be developed, along with early interventions for risk factors.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBody Mass IndexDementiaGlobal Burden of DiseaseAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlood GlucoseDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseAlzheimer’s diseaseBody mass indexDementiaFasting plasma glucoseMortality

Identifiers

PMID39696219
PMCPMC11654253

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.