Evidence mapPaperPMID 39697863Full record

ReviewJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2025

Azelnidipine and its role in decreasing urinary albumin creatinine ratio in people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jay Tewari, Khalid Ahmad Qidwai, Shubhajeet Roy, Anadika Rana, Satish Kumar, Satyendra Kumar Sonkar, Ajoy Tewari, Virendra Atam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jay TewariGandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals, King George's Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India.
Khalid Ahmad QidwaiGandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals, King George's Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India.
Shubhajeet RoyGandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals, King George's Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India.ORCID 0000-0003-1092-9668
Anadika RanaGandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals, King George's Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003 India.
Satish KumarDepartment of Medicine, Gandhi Ward, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Satyendra Kumar SonkarDepartment of Medicine, Gandhi Ward, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
Ajoy TewariJai Clinic and Diabetes Care Centre, Lucknow, India.
Virendra AtamDepartment of Medicine, Gandhi Ward, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension frequently coexist, increasing the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications. Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) serves as a crucial predictor of these outcomes. While renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are often initial therapy, evidence suggests a potential role for Azelnidipine, a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, in reducing UACR, especially in cases of persistent proteinuria despite optimal therapy. However, conflicting results from existing studies necessitate a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify Azelnidipine's (AZL) efficacy in reducing UACR in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Methods: This meta-analysis, following Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until January 15, 2024. Studies involving individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were included, comparing AZL or AZL-containing regimens with other antihypertensive agents. The primary outcome was changes in UACR, with secondary outcomes including alterations in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Six RCTs involving 731 participants were included. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in UACR in the AZL group compared to controls (Mean Difference (MD) = -47.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -79.56, -16.37; Conclusion: This meta-analysis confirms AZL's efficacy in reducing UACR and HR in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Indexed as

AzelnidipineCalcium channel blockersHypertensionType 2 diabetes mellitusUrinary albumin creatinine ratio

Identifiers

PMID39697863
PMCPMC11649610

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.