Evidence mapPaperPMID 39697899Full record

ReviewTransplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation2024

What Genetic Modifications of Source Pigs Are Essential and Sufficient for Cell, Tissue, and Organ Xenotransplantation?

Asghar Ali, Mayuko Kurome, Barbara Kessler, Elisabeth Kemter, Eckhard Wolf

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Future of xenotransplantation in Korea.Clinical transplantation and research · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Can european law keep pace with biomedical innovation? The reinvention of transplantation regulation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. The Top 12 Most Impactful Papers in Clinical Transplantation in 2025: TI Editors' Choice.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. The use of transgenic animals for xenotransplantation: An update.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Current status and prospects of genetically modified porcine-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Allogeneic Islet Transplantation: Chronicle of a Death Foretold?Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Asghar AliMolecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Mayuko KuromeMolecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Barbara KesslerMolecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Elisabeth KemterMolecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Eckhard WolfMolecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Xenotransplantation of porcine organs has made remarkable progress towards clinical application. A key factor has been the generation of genetically multi-modified source pigs for xenotransplants, protected against immune rejection and coagulation dysregulation. While efficient gene editing tools and multi-cistronic expression cassettes facilitate sophisticated and complex genetic modifications with multiple gene knockouts and protective transgenes, an increasing number of independently segregating genetic units complicates the breeding of the source pigs. Therefore, an optimal combination of essential genetic modifications may be preferable to extensive editing of the source pigs. Here, we discuss the prioritization of genetic modifications to achieve long-term survival and function of xenotransplants and summarise the genotypes that have been most successful for xenogeneic heart, kidney, and islet transplantation. Specific emphasis is given to the choice of the breed/genetic background of the source pigs. Moreover, multimodal deep phenotyping of porcine organs after xenotransplantation into human decedents will be discussed as a strategy for selecting essential genetic modifications of the source pigs. In addition to germ-line gene editing, some of these modifications may also be induced during organ preservation/perfusion, as demonstrated recently by the successful knockdown of swine leukocyte antigens in porcine lungs during

Indexed as

Animals, Genetically ModifiedOrgan TransplantationSwineTransplantation, HeterologousAnimalsGene EditingGraft RejectionGraft SurvivalHeart TransplantationHeterograftsHumansIslets of Langerhans TransplantationKidney Transplantationcoagulation dysregulationcomplement activationgenetic modificationpigxeno-antigens

Identifiers

PMID39697899
PMCPMC11652200

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.