Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39698236›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in toxicology2024

Protective effects of

Shaimaa M Azzam, Heba M A Elsanhory, Ahmed H Abd El-Slam, Marwa S M Diab, Halima Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdalrahman Mohammed Yousef, Fatma Mahmoud Sabry, Ebtihal Y Khojah, Somaiah A Bokhari, Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in toxicology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Antioxidant Potential and Oxidative Stress Modulation ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shaimaa M AzzamDepartment of Biochemistry, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
Heba M A ElsanhoryPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Ismailia, Egypt.
Ahmed H Abd El-SlamDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Marwa S M DiabCell Biology and Histology, Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
Halima Mohamed IbrahimDepartment of Physiology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
Abdalrahman Mohammed YousefDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Fatma Mahmoud SabryPharmacology Department, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
Ebtihal Y KhojahDepartment of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Somaiah A BokhariPharmaceutical Care Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Gad Elsayed Mohamed SalemDepartment of Microbiology, Egyptian Drug Authority(EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
Marwa Saad ZaghloulDepartment of Biochemistry, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cefotaxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting Gram-negative bacteria used for diverse infections, but it can be toxic to the stomach, liver, and kidneys. This study explored the protective effects of geranium oil against cefotaxime-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats, employing biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. Thirty rats were divided into five groups of six animals each one. Group 1 received orally normal saline for 14 days, Group 2 was given orally 2.5% DMSO for 14 days, Group 3 received cefotaxime (200 mg/kg/day IM) for 14 days, Group 4 received with cefotaxime (200 mg/kg/day IM) and geranium oil (67 mg/kg b. w./day orally in DMSO) for 14 days, and Group 5 received geranium oil alone (67 mg/kg b. w./day orally in DMSO) for 14 days. Geranium oil significantly reduced cefotaxime-induced damage, evidenced by lower serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT), renal markers (urea, creatinine), and other indicators (alkaline phosphatase, TNF-alpha, IL-1Beta, MAPK, nitric oxide, MDA). It also increased levels of protective tissue biomarkers such as NrF2, albumin, catalase, Beclin 1, and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed significant protective effects in liver and renal tissues in rats treated with Geranium oil. These results suggest that Geranium oil is effective in mitigating cefotaxime-induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity.

Indexed as

antioxidant defensecefotaximegeranium oilhepatotoxicityMAPKnephrotoxicityNrf2oxidative stress

Identifiers

PMID39698236
PMCPMC11652510

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.