Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39699652›Full record

ArticleDiabetes technology & therapeutics2025

The Cost of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancies in the United States: A Cost-Consequences Analysis Using Real-World Evidence.

Michael J DiStefano, R Brett McQueen, Valerie Gao, Matthew P Klein, Janet K Snell-Bergeon, Sarit Polsky

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Michael J DiStefanoSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
R Brett McQueenSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Valerie GaoBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Matthew P KleinBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-5279-3447
Janet K Snell-BergeonBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9337-3740
Sarit PolskyBarbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7602-0396

Funding

CTSA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR025780 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2008 to 2011
$61.3M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025780
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Data on the cost implications of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pregnancies in the United States are sparse. Drawing on associations identified in real-world evidence from a retrospective chart review at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, we conducted a cost-consequences analysis of CGM use versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), inclusive of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) spending. In the base-case analysis assuming per-label CGM use and per-guideline finger-stick frequency, the per-person cost was $16,254 for CGM versus $15,182 for SMBG. In a real-world scenario analysis, the per-person cost was $13,708 for CGM versus $14,524 for SMBG. In both analyses, there was a cost savings for NICU admissions of $2,903 with CGM use. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, CGM was cost saving in 25% of base-case model iterations and 46% of real-world model iterations. This study adds to the growing evidence base that the increased costs of CGM use versus SMBG to manage T1D pregnancies are likely offset by better neonatal health outcomes.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Pregnancy in DiabeticsAdultContinuous Glucose MonitoringCost-Benefit AnalysisCost SavingsFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornIntensive Care Units, NeonatalPregnancyRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesBlood GlucoseCGMcostpregnancySMBGtype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39699652
PMCPMC13354114

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.