Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39701328›Full record

Observational studyBrain, behavior, and immunity2025

Dynamic human gut microbiome and immune shifts during an immersive psychosocial intervention program.

Xin Zhou, Ariel B Ganz, Andre Rayner, Tess Yan Cheng, Haley Oba, Benjamin Rolnik, Samuel Lancaster, Xinrui Lu, Yizhou Li, Jethro S Johnson and 4 more

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Molecular Mechanisms of Mangiferin on Neuroinflammation for Treating Major Depressive Disorder Based on Network Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xin ZhouDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
Ariel B GanzDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA; Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Andre RaynerDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
Tess Yan ChengDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, WA, USA.
Haley ObaDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
Benjamin RolnikDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA; Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Samuel LancasterDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
Xinrui LuWest China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
Yizhou LiWest China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
Jethro S JohnsonOxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rebecca HoydThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, OH, USA.
Daniel J SpakowiczThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, OH, USA.
George M SlavichDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Michael P SnyderDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA; Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA. Electronic address: mpsnyder@stanford.edu.

Funding

Stanford Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterAdmin Supp: Developing iPSC models for AD and PDP30AG066515 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ELIZABETH MORMINO · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
Stanford Medicine Center for Longevity and Healthy Aging Research Education CoreP30AG059307 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PERIYAKOIL, VYJEYANTHI S, YESAVAGE, JEROME A · 2018 to 2025
$4.9M
Integrated, cell type specific functional genomics analyses of regulatory sequence elements and their dynamic interaction networks in neuropsychiatric brain tissuesR01MH116529 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HALLMAYER, JOACHIM F, SNYDER, MICHAEL P. · 2023 to 2023
$1.6M
Genomics Diversity Summer Program (GDSP) at StanfordR25HG010857 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SNYDER, MICHAEL P. · 2019 to 2023
$1.3M
The microbiome in older adults with lung cancer: association of treatment regimens and diet with protective microbial profilesK01AG070310 · NIA · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SPAKOWICZ, DANIEL J. · 2021 to 2025
$583k
NHGRI NIH HHS R25 HG010857NIA NIH HHS K01 AG070310NIA NIH HHS P30 AG059307NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066515NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116529
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disorder-particularly those involving the gut microbiome-are poorly understood.

methodTo investigate, we conducted a community-based observational study to explore complex associations between changes in the gut microbiome, cytokine levels, and depression symptoms in 51 participants (M

resultsResults revealed that depression was associated with both an increased presence of putatively pathogenic bacteria and reduced microbial beta-diversity. Following the intervention, we observed reductions in neuroinflammatory cytokines and improvements in several mental health indicators. Interestingly, participants with a Prevotella-dominant microbiome showed milder symptoms when depressed, along with a more resilient microbiome and more favorable inflammatory cytokine profile, including reduced levels of CXCL-1.

conclusionsThese findings reveal a potentially protective link between the Prevotella-dominant microbiome and depression, as evidenced by a reduced pro-inflammatory environment and fewer depressive symptoms. These insights, coupled with observed improvements in neuroinflammatory markers and mental health from the intervention, may highlight potential avenues for microbiome-targeted therapies for managing depression.

Indexed as

DepressionGastrointestinal MicrobiomePsychosocial InterventionAdultAgedCytokinesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevotellaStress, PsychologicalCytokinesCXCL-1Gut microbiomeNeuroinflammationPsychosocial intervention

Identifiers

PMID39701328
PMCPMC11903166

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.