ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2025
Experimental Measurement and Mathematical Quantification of Fixed-Charged Density in Rat and Pig Brain Tissue.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Conductive Hydrogels for Exogenous Sensing and Cell Fate Control.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Preclinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: Advances in In Vitro Models.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Experimental Measurement and Mathematical Quantification of Fixed-Charged Density in Rat and Pig Brain Tissue.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cerebral edema is associated with poor prognosis because brain swelling within the rigid skull raises intracranial pressure, exacerbating secondary injuries following traumatic brain injury. Brain swelling can be characterized by triphasic biomechanics, which models brain tissue as a mixture of a deformable porous solid matrix with a negative fixed-charged density (FCD), water, and monovalent counterions. When brain cells die, the intracellular FCD is exposed, attracting cations into the cells. The increase in intracellular solute concentration generates osmotic pressure via the Gibbs-Donnan effect, driving water into cells and causing swelling. This study quantifies the FCD of rat and pig brain tissue by measuring the pressure generated by tissue within a confined volume as cells died. Rat brain tissue generated an averaged swelling pressure of 52.92 ± 20.40 mmHg (mean ± one standard deviation). Variations were observed between pig cortical white matter (7.14 ± 4.79 mmHg) and cortical gray matter (33.86 ± 11.89 mmHg). The corresponding FCD values were 42.54 ± 8.14 mEq/L for rat brain tissue, and 15.18 ± 5.38 mEq/L and 34.22 ± 6.31 mEq/L for pig cortical white and gray matter, respectively. Treating the rat brain tissue with DNAse, heparinase I, heparinase III, and chondroitinase ABC to degrade FCD significantly reduced swelling pressure. Good agreement between the experimental and numerically simulated responses supported the role of the FCD in cerebral edema formation. The reported FCD values can improve the biofidelity of computational models to predict post-traumatic cerebral edema, aiding the improvement of safety systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39702733What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.