Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39703567›Full record

ArticleIJID regions2025

Epidemiological investigation of a cholera outbreak in Nepal-India border communities: Public health implications.

Koshal C Subedee, Krishna P Paudel, Hem Raj Pandey, Mukesh Chaudhary, Shashi Kandel, Mona Pradhan, Manish Baidya, Amrit Pokhrel, Anu Shakya, Nishant Thakur and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IJID regions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Koshal C SubedeeEpidemiology and Disease Control Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Krishna P PaudelMinistry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Hem Raj PandeyHealth Office, Kapilvastu, Nepal.
Mukesh ChaudharyShivaraj Nagar Hospital, Krishnanagar Municipality, Kapilvastu, Nepal.
Shashi KandelEpidemiology and Disease Control Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Mona PradhanWorld Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Manish BaidyaWorld Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Amrit PokhrelEpidemiology and Disease Control Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Anu ShakyaEpidemiology and Disease Control Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nishant ThakurWorld Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Rabin GautamWorld Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Dipendra GautamWorld Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Ajit KarnaUSAID's Strengthening Systems for Better Health Activity, Abt Global Inc., Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pushpa R PoudelMinistry of Health, Lumbini Province, Lumbini, Nepal.
Anjila PoudelDepartment of Health Services, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shankar AdhikariWorld Health Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Binod GiriHealth Service Directorate, Lumbini Province, Lumbini, Nepal.
Subash ThapaRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: On October 4, 2021, a cholera outbreak was reported in Kapilvastu District, one of Nepal's 26 districts bordering India. This study examined the outbreak's characteristics, response efforts, and the challenges faced. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied for the outbreak investigation. Data were gathered through a review of cases registered in three local health facilities and community-based active case searching. A descriptive analysis was performed on the collected data. Results: Between October 4 and December 2, 2021, 1570 cases were reported across 10 municipalities in Kapilvastu, with 88.6% of cases occurring in communities bordering India. Most affected were female patients (55%) and children aged 5-14 years (32%). A total of 39% cases were confirmed to have the Conclusions: Communities along the Nepal-India border are highly vulnerable to cholera outbreaks, highlighting the urgent need for improved water, sanitation, and hygiene practices. A coordinated approach to cholera surveillance and preparedness is crucial to prevent future outbreaks.

Indexed as

Active surveillanceAntimicrobial resistanceBorder populationsCholeraEpidemicOutbreak investigation

Identifiers

PMID39703567
PMCPMC11652746

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.