Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39708268›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2025

Frequency, type and severity of drug-related problems and pharmacist interventions in Paxlovid® prescribing: a descriptive analysis.

Alina Stoiber, Gwen Gray, Gudrun Sailer, Wolfgang Huf, Antonella Tonna

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Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alina StoiberSchool of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences and Public Health, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK.
Gwen GraySchool of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences and Public Health, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK.
Gudrun SailerHospital Pharmacy, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria.
Wolfgang HufKarl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Risk Management, Vienna, Austria.
Antonella TonnaSchool of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences and Public Health, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK. a.tonna@rgu.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-6901

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPaxlovid® (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) is the only licensed oral antiviral for COVID-19. Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes causing numerous drug-drug interactions (DDIs).

aimTo describe the frequency, type, and severity of detected drug related problems (DRPs) associated with Paxlovid®.

methodThis study involved a retrospective quantitative analysis including all patients prescribed Paxlovid® at a public hospital in Vienna, Austria. Data were collected from the patients' records by a clinical pharmacist. A customised, piloted data collection form was used. A sample of data was checked for consistency by an independent clinical pharmacist. Any DDI and severity classification was recorded using an established interaction checker tool. Dosage adjustments due to renal impairment were recorded.

resultsOne hundred twenty-two of 140 patients (87.1%) required interventions to prevent DRPs. Pharmacists' intervention at dispensing was needed in 63.6% (n = 89) of cases. In 3 (2.1%) patients, Paxlovid® was prescribed despite being contraindicated due to severe renal impairment. The most common were DDIs (n = 80; 57.1%). Renal impairment and DDIs were noted in 24.3% (n = 34) of cases. A total of 313 DDIs were recorded in 114 (81.4%) patients, with severe interactions in 24 (17%) patients.

conclusionPharmacists' involvement in prescribing highly interacting drugs such as Paxlovid® is essential to enhance patient safety.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsPharmacistsRitonavirAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAustriaDrug InteractionsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPharmacy Service, HospitalProfessional RoleAntiviral AgentsRitonavirCOVID-19 drug treatmentDrug-related problemsMedication reviewNirmatrelvir and Ritonavir drug combinationPatient safety

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.