ArticleAnnals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches2024
Assessment of Racial Bias within the Risk Analysis Index of Frailty.
Article in Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Frailty Screening Using the Risk Analysis Index: A User Guide.Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2025Pooled it
- The application value of frailty assessment tools in the perioperative period: A narrative review.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Assessing Racial Bias Within American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Erratum: Assessment of Racial Bias within the Risk Analysis Index of Frailty: Erratum.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Our objective was to assess potential racial bias within the Risk Analysis Index (RAI). Background: Patient risk measures are rarely tested for racial bias. Measures of frailty, like the RAI, need to be evaluated for poor predictive performance among Black patients. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using April 2010-March 2019 Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program and 2010-2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. The performance of the RAI and several potential variants were compared between Black and White cases using various metrics to predict mortality (180-day for Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program, 30-day for National Surgical Quality Improvement Program). Results: Using the current, clinical threshold, the RAI performed as good or better among Black cases across various performance metrics Conclusions: The RAI tends to predict mortality among Black patients better than it predicts mortality among White patients. As existing bias-reducing techniques were not effective, further research into bias-reducing techniques is needed, especially for clinical risk predictions. We recommend using the RAI for both statistical analysis of surgical cohorts and quality improvement programs, such as the Surgical Pause.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.