SynthesisAlzheimer's research & therapy2024
Anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk of Dementia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Interactions between minimal amount of exercise and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on incident dementia after stroke.iScience · 2026Article
- Improving cognition through lifestyle-induced remission of type 2 diabetes: findings from DIABEPIC-2.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease: Biochemical Insights and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Expanding the role of insulin resistance to the earliest phases of cognitive decline: Preliminary evidence.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Bridging the gaps in alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review of current and emerging therapies.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Metformin provides superior neuroprotective potential compared to semaglutide in preventing diabetes-associated Alzheimer's disease via dual actions.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Exosomal MicroRNAs as theranostic tools in type 2 diabetes and its complications: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Impact of ethnicity and antihyperglycemic medications on dementia incidence in older adults with type 2 diabetes.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and reported musculoskeletal adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Mood Disorders: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Evidence, and Challenges.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Insulin use in diabetes association with cognitive impairment and dementia incidence.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Roles of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in immune cell biology and autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for major neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Novel Insights into the Mechanism and Treatment of Diabetes-Related Brain Complications: Focusing on the Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Antidiabetic GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Have Neuroprotective Properties in Experimental Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Peripheral immune and metabolic regulation of Aβ and Tau by exercise in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association between anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
methodsLiterature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov between January 1995 and October 2024. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with T2D, which intercompared anti-diabetic agents or compared them with placebo, and reported the incidence of dementia were included. Conventional and network meta-analyses of these studies were implemented. Results were exhibited as the odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsA total of 41 observational studies (3,307,483 participants) and 23 RCTs (155,443 participants) were included. In the network meta-analysis of observational studies, compared with non-users, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) (OR = 0.56, 95%CI, 0.45 to 0.69), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) (OR = 0.58, 95%CI, 0.46 to 0.73), thiazolidinedione (TZD) (OR = 0.68, 95%CI, 0.57 to 0.81) and metformin (OR = 0.89, 95%CI, 0.80 to 0.99) treatments were all associated with reduced risk of dementia in patients with T2D. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) evaluation conferred a rank order as SGLT-2i > GLP-1RA > TZD > dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) > metformin > α-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) > glucokinase activator (GKA) > sulfonylureas > glinides > insulin in terms of the cognitive benefits. Meanwhile, compared with non-users, SGLT-2i (OR = 0.43, 95%CI, 0.30 to 0.62), GLP-1RA (OR = 0.54, 95%CI, 0.30 to 0.96) and DPP-4i (OR = 0.73, 95%CI, 0.57 to 0.93) were associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease while a lower risk of vascular dementia was observed in patients receiving SGLT-2i (OR = 0.42, 95%CI, 0.22 to 0.80) and TZD (OR = 0.52, 95%CI, 0.36 to 0.75) treatment. In the network meta-analysis of RCTs, the risks of dementia were comparable among anti-diabetic agents and placebo.
conclusionCompared with non-users, SGLT-2i, GLP-1RA, TZD and metformin were associated with the reduced risk of dementia in patients with T2D. SGLT-2i, and GLP-1RA may serve as the optimal choice to improve the cognitive prognosis in patients with T2D.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.