Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39716928›Full record

ReviewHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2026

Reprogramming macrophages to treat liver diseases.

Blanca Simón-Codina, Júlia Cacho-Pujol, Anna Moles, Pedro Melgar-Lesmes

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Blanca Simón-CodinaDepartment of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3965-4170
Júlia Cacho-PujolDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6638-5615
Anna MolesDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3915-0060
Pedro Melgar-LesmesDepartment of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2009-5911

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cutting-edge research has expanded our understanding of the macrophage activation programs in liver diseases making this immune cell type a therapeutic target. Clinical data on macrophage infiltration and polarization states have been used to help predict mortality or poor prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis and/or HCC. The latest single-cell and spatial transcriptomics studies have dissected unforeseen aspects depicting the immense heterogeneity of macrophages and their multifaceted role in both promoting and resolving hepatic inflammation, injury, and fibrosis. Hepatic macrophages (resident tissue KCs and monocyte-derived macrophages) display such plasticity and phenotypic diversity that macrophages with antagonistic functions may coexist in adjacent regions of the liver. In this scenario, the analysis of macrophage-derived inflammatory and anti-inflammatory circulating soluble markers in patients with liver disease only offers a partial picture of the full complexity of the hepatic macrophage subsets. The reprogramming of macrophages involves understanding the multiple regulatory mechanisms and diverse populations of hepatic macrophages and the design of macrophage-targeted therapeutic interventions to restore hepatic homeostasis. Here we review the potential targets to modulate macrophage behavior in liver diseases and nanoscale therapeutics that aim to target and treat macrophages. We will summarize current knowledge on the diverse macrophage programs activated in chronic liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and HCC that may be of therapeutic interest for precision medicine.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver DiseasesLiver NeoplasmsMacrophage ActivationMacrophagesAnimalsHumansLiver Cirrhosisinnate immune systemliver diseasesmacrophagesmodulation

Identifiers

PMID39716928
PMCPMC13275081

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.