ArticleNucleic acids research2025
Defining gene ends: RNA polymerase II CTD threonine 4 phosphorylation marks transcription termination regions genome-wide.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- RNA polymerase II phosphorylation dynamics: from molecular mechanisms to human disease.RNA biology · 2026Review
- Three phosphatase families form a community: The phosphohydrolases that act upon inositol pyrophosphates.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- CTDP1 governs a Pol II phosphorylation intermediate and coordinates Mediator recruitment, transcription efficiency, and splicing.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- SETD2 methyltransferase activity promotes correct transcription initiation and termination.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Base Composition Influences the Position and Precision of RNA Polymerase II Disassociation in Basal and Perturbed Conditions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Defining the beginning of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene is relatively simple. It corresponds to the first ribonucleotide incorporated by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) into the nascent RNA molecule. This nucleotide is protected by capping and maintained in the mature messenger RNA (mRNA). However, in higher eukaryotes, the end of mRNA is separated from the sites of transcription termination by hundreds to thousands of base pairs. Currently used genomic annotations only take account of the end of the mature transcript - the sites where pre-mRNA cleavage occurs, while the regions in which transcription terminates are unannotated. Here, we describe the evidence for a marker of transcription termination, which could be widely applicable in genomic studies. Pol II termination regions can be determined genome-wide by detecting Pol II phosphorylated on threonine 4 of its C-terminal domain (Pol II CTD-T4ph). Pol II in this state pauses before leaving the DNA template. Up to date this potent mark has been underused because the evidence for its place and role in termination is scattered across multiple publications. We summarize the observations regarding Pol II CTD-T4ph in termination regions and present bioinformatic analyses that further support Pol II CTD-T4ph as a global termination mark in animals.
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