Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39719487›Full record

Trial reportNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2025

Safety and cognitive pharmacodynamics following dose escalations with 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC): a first in human, designer drug study.

Johannes G Ramaekers, Johannes T Reckweg, Natasha L Mason, Kim P C Kuypers, Stefan W Toennes, Eef L Theunissen

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Johannes G RamaekersFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. j.ramaekers@maastrichtuniversity.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-376X
Johannes T ReckwegFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-6334
Natasha L MasonFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0389
Kim P C KuypersFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-3809
Stefan W ToennesGoethe University, Institute of Legal Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-3201
Eef L TheunissenFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) is a designer drug that belongs to the group of synthetic cathinones. The compound has been scheduled in many jurisdictions because of public health concerns associated with excessive use. To date, there are no clinical studies that have evaluated the risk profile of 3-MMC in the recreational range of low to moderate doses. The current, first-in-human study (N = 14) assessed the impact of three escalating doses of 3-MMC (25, 50 and 100 mg) on vital signs, neurocognitive function, state of consciousness, appetite and drug desire, in a cross-over, placebo-controlled trial. A battery of neurocognitive tests and questionnaires as well as measures of vital signs were repeatedly administered up to 5 h after dosing. Overall, 3-MMC caused dose-dependent increases in heart rate and blood pressure, though not of clinical significance, and feelings of subjective high. Additionally, 3-MMC induced dose-related enhancement of task performance across several neurocognitive domains, including processing speed, cognitive flexibility, psychomotor function, attention and memory. Impulse control was not affected by 3-MMC. Participants also reported mild increases in dissociative and psychedelic effects, decreased appetite, and gave greater ratings of liking and wanting for 3-MMC that were transient over time. Overall, the cardiovascular, psychostimulant and psychotomimetic profile of 3-MMC appears consistent with that of compounds structurally related to amphetamine. It is concluded that low to moderate doses of 3-MMC were well tolerated and safe and that potential health risks might only occur at high or excessive doses of 3-MMC.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System StimulantsCognitionDesigner DrugsMethamphetamineAdolescentAdultBlood PressureCross-Over StudiesDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleNeuropsychological TestsPsychomotor PerformanceCentral Nervous System StimulantsDesigner DrugsMethamphetamine

Identifiers

PMID39719487
PMCPMC12089282

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.