ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2024
Associations between non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices and diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999-2018.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Selected Anthropometric Indices With Diabetic Kidney Disease Among Iranian Adults With Diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and its derived indices predict diabetic kidney disease development and progression: evidence from two nationwide cohorts and a biopsy-proven clinical cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose-Body Mass Index and Depression in Elderly Diabetic Individuals: A Population-Based Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- The predictive potential of surrogate indicators of insulin resistance for type 2 diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Correlation between TyG index, TyG-BMI index and AIP index and early-onset type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance Indices and CKD Risk in Patients with Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Analysis.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Association between ZJU index and glycemic outcomes in individuals with impaired fasting glucose: a retrospective multicenter Chinese cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Triglyceride glucose-body mass index is associated with diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the associations between non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices (METS-IR, TyG, TG/HDL, and TyG-BMI) and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in US adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This study was based on the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and included 6,891 patients with DM for cross-sectional analysis. Multivariate adjusted models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to assess the association between the insulin resistance index and the risk of DN. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of different population characteristics. Results: The results indicated that higher quartiles of METS-IR, TyG, TG/HDL, and TyG-BMI were associated with a significantly increased risk of DN. After adjusting for multiple covariates, including gender, age, and race, the associations between these indices and the risk of DN remained significant, with corresponding odds ratios (ORs) of 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.76), 2.06 (95% CI: 1.77-2.40), 1.61 (95% CI: 1.38-1.88), and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.35-1.84), with all P-values less than 0.001. RCS analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between these indices and the risk of DN. The TyG index exhibited a highly consistent association with the risk of DN in all models. Conclusion: Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices are significantly associated with the risk of DN. The TyG index is a superior tool for assessing the risk of DN. These indices can assist in identifying patients at risk of DN, thereby enabling the implementation of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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