ArticleBiomedical reports2025
Glucose control and variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.
Article in Biomedical reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of diet with intestinal permeability and inflammation markers in patients with type 1 diabetes.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring metrics based clustering in people living with type 1 diabetes identifies phenotypes associated with higher inflammation, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease risk, and lower insulin sensitivity.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- New approaches to meta-analyze differences in skewness, kurtosis, and correlation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Association of continuous glucose monitoring metrics with early diabetic kidney disease in early-onset type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical UniversityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has emerged as a superior method to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) monitoring for glycemic control assessment in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The association between CGM parameters and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has not been extensively researched. The aim of the present study was to compare CGM metrics between patients with stable and progressive DKD and T1D. A cross-sectional study was performed with 75 patients with T1D, of which 28 had progressive DKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease of ≥3 ml/min/year or an increased albuminuria stage over the median follow-up time of 7.46 (6.50-8.16) years. FreeStyle Libre ProiQ Sensors were used for CGM. Insulin sensitivity was calculated according to the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) formula. The results revealed that as compared with subjects with stable DKD, individuals with progressive DKD exhibited a higher average glucose level (P=0.03), spent more time above the target range (P=0.05), less time in time in range (TIR; P=0.03), had a higher median estimated HbA1c (P=0.02) and glucose management indicator (P=0.03), as well as a longer duration of hypoglycemic events (P=0.03). There were no differences in compliance levels and recognition of hypoglycemia between the DKD study groups. Differences in correlation patterns between CGM parameters in patients with stable and progressive DKD were observed. For example, glucose variability was significantly positively correlated with TIR in subjects with DKD (Ρ=0.390; P=0.04) but not in individuals without DKD. The progression of DKD was statistically significantly associated with several CGM parameters in multivariate logistic regression models. Collectively, associations between CGM metrics and DKD status were demonstrated in patients with T1D. The findings of the present study indicate the necessity for regular CGM in patients with progressive DKD for improvement of their glycemic control and DKD outcomes but also call for the development of a personalized approach to CGM data interpretation and establishing therapeutic targets in these subjects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.