Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39723699›Full record

ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2025

Distinct Gut Microbiota Profiles in Normal Weight Obesity and Their Association With Cardiometabolic Diseases: Results From Two Independent Cohort Studies.

Wenjie Wang, Feijie Wang, Yihan Li, Yuwei Shi, Xiaoyan Wang, Xinyu Chen, Weifang Zheng, Julianna C Hsing, Ying Lu, Yi-Shuan Wu and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Wenjie WangChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Feijie WangNutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China.
Yihan LiChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Yuwei ShiChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaoyan WangChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Xinyu ChenChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Weifang ZhengLanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi, Zhejiang, China.
Julianna C HsingDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Ying LuDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Yi-Shuan WuDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Ann W HsingDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Juntao KanNutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China.
Wei HeChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Shankuan ZhuChronic Disease Research Institute, the Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9509-7364

Funding

Amway (China) FoundationChina Medical Board (CMB)Cyrus Tang FoundationHsun K. Chou Fund of the Zhejiang University Education Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNormal weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by excess body fat in individuals with normal body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to investigate gut microbiota alterations in NWO and their potential associations with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) risk in two independent cohorts.

methodsOur NWO-CMD mortality analysis included 168 099 adults with normal BMI from two large open-access databases, while our NWO-gut microbiota study involved 5467 adults with normal BMI from two independent cohorts: the WELL-China cohort and the Lanxi cohort. NWO was defined as having a normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m

resultsThe study comprised 3620 (64.0% female, median age 58 years) and 1847 (64.3% female, median age 56 years) participants from the WELL-China and Lanxi cohorts. In our meta-analysis, NWO is associated with 26% (95% CI: 1.07-1.41) higher risk of CMD mortality. Gut microbial analyses indicated that the NWO group exhibited reduced levels of observed species (p = 0.009 and p = 0.013) and Chao 1 index (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002) and altered gut microbial compositions (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001) compared with the NWL group. Seven genera were consistently observed to be associated with NWO in both two cohorts (all Q < 0.25). Among them, five (Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, Ruminococcus torques group, Coprococcus and Christensenellaceae_R7_group) have been previously linked to obesity, while the other two (Phascolarctobacterium and Clostridia_UCG-014) were minimally reported. We also found statistically significant differences in the microbial composition between the NWO group and the obesity group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001). Furthermore, the NWO-related gut microbiome was associated with an elevated risk of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome, the corresponding HR (95% CIs) were 1.11 (1.01-1.22), 1.19 (1.10-1.29) and 1.17 (1.05-1.30) in the WELL-China cohort and 1.14 (1.02-1.27), 1.15 (1.02-1.29) and 1.16 (1.02-1.32) in the Lanxi cohort.

conclusionsThese two large cohorts provided reliable evidence that gut microbiota alterations in NWO resemble those found in obesity, yet also display unique aspects. This distinct microbiota profile may contribute to heightened cardiometabolic risks in adults with normal BMI.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeObesityAdultAgedBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesChinaCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedCardiometabolic diseasesGut microbiotaIndependent cohortNormal weight obesity

Identifiers

PMID39723699
PMCPMC11670180

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.