ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025
Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to cognitive decline in HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Cognitive and sensorimotor impairments in virally suppressed people with and without HIV in Uganda: Associations with neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of neuronal injury.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Cannabis use by people with HIV is associated with an anti-inflammatory immunometabolic phenotype in monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Quantifying brain-age gap in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy using plasma neurofilament light chain.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Systemic Neurodegeneration and Brain Aging: Multi-Omics Disintegration, Proteostatic Collapse, and Network Failure Across the CNS.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Neuropathogenesis of acute HIV: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Plasma Biomarkers and Cognitive Decline in HIV: Findings from Two U.S. Cohorts.TouchREVIEWS in infectious diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe examined the relationship between neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cognition in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at baseline and longitudinally.
methodsPlasma and clinical data were available from virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH) aged ≥45 years in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group HAILO study. Four neuropsychological assessments standardized and averaged (NPZ-4) represented cognition. Plasma collection date marked baseline; slope summarized longitudinal NPZ-4 changes. Linear regressions examined biomarkers associations with baseline NPZ-4 and longitudinal change.
resultsThe study included 503 participants with a median age of 52 (interquartile range [IQR, 48-57]) years and observation of 6 (IQR, 5-7) years, and 26% had baseline cognitive impairment defined by HAILO. Cross-sectionally, higher NfL (β = -.76, P < .01) and GFAP (β = -.44, P = .02) were associated with worse NPZ-4. Longitudinally, the median NPZ-4 slope was 0.003 (IQR, -0.06 to 0.06) units/year with 48% demonstrating cognitive decline. Higher NfL (β = -.08, P < .01), but not GFAP (β = -.03, P = .08), was associated with cognitive decline.
conclusionsNfL and GFAP were associated with worse cognition cross-sectionally; only NfL was associated with cognitive decline. Their clinical utility remains uncertain given small effect sizes and should be studied in populations with more rapid decline.
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