ArticlePsychopharmacology2025
An exploratory study of the safety profile and neurocognitive function after single doses of mitragynine in humans.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Simultaneous quantification of seventeen kratom alkaloids and metabolites in human plasma and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic sample analysis.Pharmaceutical biology · 2026Article
- Observational real-world analysis of dose-dependent effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Clinically characterizing adults who use kava or kratom: Substance use disorder assessment challenges for increasingly popular botanical products.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating the drug interactions in kratom usage: clinical application.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- The acute adverse health effects of kratom: an evaluation of case reports.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleDespite the growing scientific interest on mitragynine, the primary alkaloid in kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa), there is a lack of clinical trials in humans.
objectivesThis phase 1 study aimed to evaluate mitragynine's safety profile and acute effects on subjective drug experience, neurocognition, and pain tolerance.
methodsA placebo-controlled, single-blind, within-subjects study was conducted in two parts. In part A, eight healthy human volunteers received placebo and three doses of mitragynine (5, 10, and 20 mg) in a sequential dosing scheme, on separate days. In part B, a second group of seven volunteers received placebo and 40 mg of mitragynine. Vital signs, subjective drug experience, neurocognitive function, and pain tolerance were measured at regular intervals for 7 h after administration.
resultsOverall, mitragynine did not affect most of the outcome measures at any dose. Yet, the lowest dose (5 mg) of mitragynine increased subjective ratings of arousal and attention, accuracy in a sustained attention task, and motor inhibition. The highest dose (40 mg) of mitragynine increased subjective ratings of amnesia and produced mild psychopathological symptoms. Mitragynine did not significantly affect vital signs, and only mild, transient side effects were reported.
conclusionThe present study suggests that low doses (5-10 mg) of mitragynine may cause subjective feelings of stimulation and enhance attention, while the highest dose (40 mg) may cause inhibitory feelings of amnesia and distress. Mitragynine doses up to 40 mg were well tolerated in this group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.