SynthesisCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2024
Association Between Incense Burning and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Asian Population: Meta-Analysis of Nine Case-Control Studies.
Synthesis in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Invited Perspective: Incense Burning and Cardiovascular Risk-A Rising Concern.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVarious studies have explored the potential association between incense burning and the risk of lung cancer. However, the findings from these studies have been inconsistent.
objectivesThis study aimed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between incense burning and lung cancer risk in the Asian population through a meta-analysis.
methodsThis meta-analysis, which includes nine case-control studies conducted in Asia and identified through Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect up to January 7, 2024, was performed to evaluate the relevant literature. Using a fixed-effects model, the pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the overall association between incense burning and lung cancer.
resultsThe results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant association between incense burning and the development of lung cancer (pooled OR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.48). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was conducted based on smoking status. It was found that ever-smokers had a significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer when exposed to incense burning (pooled OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09-1.65). Both hospital-based case-control studies (pooled OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10-1.48) and population-based case-control studies (pooled OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.21-1.60) yielded significant associations between incense burning and lung cancer. Limitations of this study include the lack of detailed histologic information in most of the selected studies, highlighting the need for future research to include cohort studies that can more accurately assess the association between incense smoke inhalation and specific lung cancer subtypes.
conclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this meta-analysis, based on nine case-control studies, suggest that the risk of developing lung cancer among Asians may increase with exposure to incense burning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.