ArticleNature aging2025
Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas.
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Article in Nature aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of apolipoprotein E variants on Alzheimer's disease in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Pooled it
- Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Linking the exposome to the brain-behaviour phenotype.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Social vulnerability shapes deep clinical phenotypes and brain health in aging and dementia across Latin America.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Source-space EEG alpha activity reveals brain age gaps due to neurodegeneration and disparity.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Activities of daily living and their neural correlates across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: Evidence from a Latin American cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The exposome of brain aging across 34 countries.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Neural embedding of frailty in cognitively unimpaired aging and dementia across Latin America.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The landscape of dementia research, diagnosis, treatment, and care in Latin America.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of dementia in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A target trial emulation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Blood-based AT(N) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration in Latin America.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Social disadvantage outweighs knowledge in dementia risk.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The role of brain health and resilience in reshaping trajectories of late-life neuropsychiatric disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Exploratory RNA Sequencing Reveals Systemic Metabolic Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from a Diverse Latin American Cohort.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Expotype-phenotype resilience and multimodal aging clocks.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Computational whole-body-exposome models for global precision brain health.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Neurocognitive Disorders in the Elderly Quechua Population Using the Q-RUDAS.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Dementia prevention requires moving beyond individual choice: the costs of effort and time intersect with social determinants of health.Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular risk factors and the allostatic interoceptive network in dementia.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Multilingualism protects against accelerated aging in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 27 European countries.Nature aging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
43 authors.
Agustina LegazLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Florencia AltschulerLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-963X
Raul Gonzalez-GomezLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-011X
Hernán HernándezLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Sandra BaezUniversidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Joaquín MigeotLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Sol FittipaldiLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-3349
Vicente MedelLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-8683
Marcelo Adrián MaitoCognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
María E GodoyLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Sebastián MoguilnerLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Josephine CruzatLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-8657
Carlos Coronel-OliverosLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Enzo TagliazuchiLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Hernando Santamaria GarciaPontificia Universidad Javeriana, PhD Program of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Department, Bogotá, Colombia.
Francesca R FarinaGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-4368
Pablo ReyesPontificia Universidad Javeriana, PhD Program of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Department, Bogotá, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-7157
Shireen JavandelGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Adolfo M GarcíaCognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Álvaro DelegliseConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Diana L MatallanaPontificia Universidad Javeriana, PhD Program of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Department, Bogotá, Colombia.
José Alberto Avila-FunesGeriatrics Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
Andrea SlachevskyGeroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
María I BehrensDepartamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana/Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0964-426X
Nilton CustodioUnit Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Prevention, Peruvian Institute of Neurosciences, Lima, Peru.
Catalina Trujillo-LlanoFacultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Juan F CardonaFacultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Pablo BarttfeldCognitive Science Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi, CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Ignacio L BruscoDepartamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Martín A BrunoConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ana L Sosa OrtizInstituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-3618
Stefanie D Pina-EscuderoGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7467-8365
Leonel T TakadaGrupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento (GNCC), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Elisa de Paula França ResendeGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Katherine L PossinGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maira Okada de OliveiraGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Kun HuCritical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0350-3132
Francisco LoperaNeurosicence Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Brian LawlorGlobal Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Victor ValcourGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jennifer S YokoyamaGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-2634
Bruce MillerGlobal Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Agustin IbañezLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile. agustin.ibanez@gbhi.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-5101
Funding
TDP-43 Loss-of-Function: Biology to BiomarkersP01AG019724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MARIA LUISA GORNO TEMPINI · 2002 to 2026
$67.2MAn automated machine learning approach to language changes in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia across Latino and English-speaking populationsR01AG075775 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MARIA LUISA GORNO TEMPINI, Adolfo Martin Garcia · 2023 to 2026
$7.2MUS-South American Initiative for Genetic-Neural-Behavioral Interactions in Human Neurodegenerative ResearchR01AG057234 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Claudia Duran-Aniotz, Agustin M. Ibanez · 2019 to 2026
$6.1MSocial epigenetics of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in Latin American countriesR01AG082056 · NIA · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI Michael Jay Corley · 2024 to 2026
$3.6MCircadian Disturbance and Dementia in Latin AmericaR01AG083799 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Kun Hu, Agustin M. Ibanez · 2023 to 2026
$3.0MNIA NIH HHS P01 AG019724NIA NIH HHS R01 AG057234NIA NIH HHS R01 AG075775NIA NIH HHS R01 AG082056NIA NIH HHS R01 AG083799
Abstract
Structural inequality, the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities, influences health outcomes. However, the biological embedding of structural inequality in aging and dementia, especially among underrepresented populations, is unclear. We examined the association between structural inequality (country-level and state-level Gini indices) and brain volume and connectivity in 2,135 healthy controls, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration from Latin America and the United States. Greater structural inequality was linked to reduced brain volume and connectivity, with stronger effects in Latin America, especially in the temporo-cerebellar, fronto-thalamic and hippocampal regions. In the United States, milder effects were observed in the insular-cingular and temporal areas. Results were more pronounced in Alzheimer's disease and were independent of age, sex, education, cognition and other confounding factors. The findings highlight the critical role of structural inequality in aging and dementia, emphasizing the biological embedding of macrosocial factors and the need for targeted interventions in underserved populations.
Indexed as
AgingAlzheimer DiseaseBrainDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansLatin AmericaMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedOrgan SizeSocioeconomic FactorsUnited States
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