Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39740238›Full record

Trial reportThe Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology2025

Does Antenatal Expressing Affect Onset of Lactogenesis for Women With Diabetes? Results From a Randomised Controlled Trial and Cohort Study.

Anita M Moorhead, Della A Forster, Susan Donath, Jessica De Bortoli, Lisa H Amir

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Antenatal colostrum expression: are we interfering with nature?International breastfeeding journal · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anita M MoorheadJudith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1944-0036
Della A ForsterJudith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6083-087X
Susan DonathClinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CEBU), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Jessica De BortoliMaternity and Obstetrics Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Lisa H AmirJudith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2510-1399

Funding

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant (# 1005345)La Trobe University equipment grants
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPreviously it was recognised onset of Lactogenesis II was delayed in women with Type I diabetes compared to women without diabetes, but the effect of gestational diabetes was unclear. Some clinicians suggest pregnant women with diabetes express breastmilk in late pregnancy to hasten onset of Lactogenesis II.

aimsTo confirm if Lactogenesis II occurs later in women with diabetes in pregnancy, and test if advice to express antenatally hastens Lactogenesis II. MATERIALS AND

methodsData from the DAME (Diabetes Antenatal Milk Expression) randomised controlled trial collected at recruitment and 2 weeks postpartum were compared with a concurrent purposively recruited cohort of women without diabetes in pregnancy. Timing of lactogenesis and adjusted percentage differences were calculated. Study sample was women from both studies with complete data for included measures to assess onset of Lactogenesis II (maternal perception).

resultsDelayed onset of lactation (≥ 72 h postpartum) was similar in DAME trial arms: standard care 58.6% (143/244); antenatal expressing 55.8% (148/265) but lower in comparison cohort 46.9% (90/192). Percentage difference between groups (adjusted for parity, delivery mode, BMI and gestation): DAME standard arm and comparison cohort 12.3% (95% CI 2.6%-22.0%; p = 0.01) DAME intervention arm and comparison cohort 8.3% (95% CI -1.2%-17.8%; p = 0.09) DAME standard care and intervention 4.0% (95% CI -4.5%-12.5%; p = 0.35).

conclusionsLactogenesis II occurs later for women with diabetes in pregnancy than women without diabetes. Our findings do not provide evidence that antenatal expressing hastens onset of lactation in women with diabetes in pregnancy.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ACTRN12611000217909.

Indexed as

Breast Milk ExpressionDiabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1LactationPregnancy in DiabeticsAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansPregnancyPrenatal Careantenatalbreastfeedingdiabetes in pregnancyexpressinglactogenesis

Identifiers

PMID39740238
PMCPMC12668880

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.