Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39741198›Full record

ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2025

Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and better cognitive control in people living with HIV.

Arthur L Brody, Anna K Mischel, Andre Y Sanavi, Alvin Wong, Ji Hye Bahn, Arpi Minassian, Erin E Morgan, Brinda Rana, Carl K Hoh, David R Vera and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Arthur L BrodyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. abrody@health.ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-8495
Anna K MischelDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Andre Y SanaviDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alvin WongDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ji Hye BahnDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Arpi MinassianDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Erin E MorganDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Brinda RanaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Carl K HohDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
David R VeraDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kishore K KottaDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alannah H MirandaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8749-2073
Nina PocucaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Thomas J WalterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Natalie GugginoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Renee Beverly-AylwinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jeffrey H MeyerBrain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-5052
Neil VasdevBrain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jared W YoungDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. jaredyoung@ucsd.edu.

Funding

Cross-species studies of smoking effects on cognition and neuroinflammation in HIVR01DA044909 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BRODY, ARTHUR, YOUNG, JARED WILLIAM · 2017 to 2021
$4.3M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA044909Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (TRDRP) 28IR-0064U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) R01DA44909
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People living with HIV (HIV+) are roughly twice as likely to smoke cigarettes (Smok+) as the general population. With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapies, it is increasingly important to understand the effects of chronic HIV infection and cigarette smoking on brain function and cognition since HIV+ individuals have heightened neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits even with such therapies. Based on prior studies demonstrating that smoking reduces a marker for neuroinflammation in HIV- individuals, we hypothesized that HIV+/Smok+ individuals would have less neuroinflammation and better cognitive control than HIV+/Smok- individuals. Fifty-nine participants (HIV-/Smok- [n = 16], HIV-/Smok+ [n=14], HIV+/Smok- [n = 18], and HIV+/Smok+ [n = 11]) underwent baseline eligibility tests, positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to determine levels of a marker for neuroinflammation, and assessment of cognitive control with the reverse-translated 5-choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT), with smokers having smoked to satiety prior to testing. For the PET data, a significant effect of smoking status on whole brain (WB) standardized uptake value (SUV) was found between HIV+/Smok+ and HIV+/Smok- participants (due to 18.8% lower WB SUV in the HIV+/Smok+ group). HIV+/Smok- participants exhibited a mean 13.5% higher WB SUV than HIV-/Smok- participants. For the 5C-CPT, HIV+/Smok+ participants performed significantly better than HIV+/Smok- participants (d prime), and HIV+/Smok- participants performed worse than HIV-/Smok- participants. Thus, HIV+/Smok+ individuals demonstrated lower levels of the neuroinflammation marker and better cognitive control than HIV+/Smok- individuals. Given that HIV+ individuals whose HIV is well-controlled can still have chronic neurocognitive complications, study results suggest possible paths for future research into nicotine-related treatments to prevent such complications.

Indexed as

BrainCigarette SmokingCognitionHIV InfectionsNeuroinflammatory DiseasesAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPositron-Emission Tomography

Identifiers

PMID39741198
PMCPMC11845771

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.