Evidence mapPaperPMID 39742971Full record

ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2025

Associations of Pesticide Residue Exposure from Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Ovarian Reserve.

Maryam Kazemi, Yu-Han Chiu, Makiko Mitsunami, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón, Russ Hauser, Irene Souter, Jorge Chavarro, EARTH Study Team

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Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Maryam KazemiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Yu-Han ChiuDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
Makiko MitsunamiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Lidia Mínguez-AlarcónChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Russ HauserDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Fertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Irene SouterDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Fertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Jorge ChavarroDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Fertility Center, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: jchavarr@hsph.harvard.edu.
EARTH Study Team

Funding

TOXICOLOGYP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI Douglas W Dockery · 1985 to 2023
$12.4M
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN HUMAN ABDOMINAL AND GLUTEOFEMORAL ADIPOCYTESP30DK046200 · TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER · 1992 to 2005
$5.3M
PCBs, Phthalates and Male Reproductive HealthR01ES009718 · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · 1999 to 2005
$2.9M
Training Program in Environmental EpidemiologyT32ES007069 · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · 1985 to 2005
$2.9M
Exposure to phthalates and OP flame retardants and long-term maternal cardiovascular and metabolic healthR01ES033651 · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · 2025 to 2025
$758k
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK046200NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES009718NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES022955NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES033651NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007069
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe previously reported that the intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) known to have high-pesticide contamination in the United States food supply is related to lower sperm counts. Whether the same is true for ovarian reserve is unknown.

objectiveWe evaluated the relation between FV intake, overall and when taking into consideration pesticide residue status, with the markers of ovarian reserve among reproductive-aged females.

methodsParticipants were 633 females, 21-45 y, presenting to an academic fertility center. We combined surveillance data from the United States Department of Agriculture and self-reported food intake data to characterize exposure to pesticide residues through FV intake. Poisson and linear regression were used to evaluate associations of high-pesticide residue, low-pesticide residue, and total FV intake with markers of ovarian reserve (antral follicle count [AFC], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH]) adjusting for potential confounders.

resultsThere was no association of FV intake, overall or according to pesticide residue status, with day 3 FSH or AMH concentrations in multivariable-adjusted models. Regardless of pesticide residue status, FV intake was inversely related to AFC in these models. This pattern was magnified among females who had had a fertility evaluation before joining the study (n = 508). Among females who had not had a fertility evaluation before joining the study (n = 103), however, there were diverging patterns of association for high- and low-pesticide residue FV intake and markers of ovarian reserve. In this group, day 3 FSH was 71.6% (95% confidence interval: 39.5%, 111.2%) higher among females in the highest quintile of high-pesticide residue FV intake than among females in the lowest quintile (P-trend <0.001). Low-pesticide residue and total FV intake were unrelated to day 3 FSH in this group, with differences between top and bottom quintile of intake of -8.3% (-25.8%, 13.3%) and 7.5% (-13.8%, 34.0%), respectively.

conclusionsHigh-pesticide residue FV intake may be related to lower ovarian reserve among females without a history of infertility treatment. Replication in populations with larger sample sizes and less susceptible to reverse causation is important.

Indexed as

DietDietary ExposureFood ContaminationFruitOvarian ReservePesticide ResiduesVegetablesAdultAnti-Mullerian HormoneBiomarkersFemaleFollicle Stimulating HormoneHumansMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultAnti-Mullerian HormoneBiomarkersFollicle Stimulating HormonePesticide Residuesenvironmental pollutionfertilityfruitovarypesticide residuevegetables

Identifiers

PMID39742971
PMCPMC11934237

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.