ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2025
Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes and Birth Defects Among Women Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV-Negative Women in Uganda, 2015-2021.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Opportunities and Challenges for Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies in Sub-Saharan Africa.Birth defects research · 2026Article
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20 authors.
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Abstract
introductionWe assessed the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and birth defects among women living with HIV (WLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-negative women.
methodsWe analyzed data on live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous abortions during 2015-2021 from a hospital-based birth defects surveillance system in Kampala, Uganda. ART regimens were recorded from hospital records and maternal self-reports. Using a log-binomial regression model, we compared the prevalence of 16 major external birth defects and other adverse birth outcomes among WLHIV on ART and HIV-negative women.
resultsA total of 203,092 births were included from 196,373 women of whom 15,020 (7.6%) were WLHIV on ART. During pregnancy, 15,566 infants were primarily exposed to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART (n = 13,614; 87.5%). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, and number of antenatal care visits, WLHIV on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor were more likely than HIV-negative women to deliver preterm (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 1.32), post-term (aPR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.32), or small for gestational age infants (aPR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.40). Spina bifida was more prevalent among infants born to WLHIV on ART periconceptionally compared with HIV-negative women (aPR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.27 to 4.33). The prevalence of the other selected birth defects was similar between infants from WLHIV on ART and HIV-negative women.
conclusionsIn Uganda, WLHIV on ART were more likely than HIV-negative women to experience selected adverse birth outcomes. Further surveillance of maternal ART exposure, including by drug class and ART regimen, is needed to monitor and prevent adverse birth outcomes in WLHIV.
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