Evidence mapPaperPMID 39747681Full record

Trial reportNature medicine2025

Empagliflozin in nondiabetic individuals with calcium and uric acid kidney stones: a randomized phase 2 trial.

Manuel A Anderegg, Simeon Schietzel, Matteo Bargagli, Lia Bally, Nicolas Faller, Matthias B Moor, Grazia M Cereghetti, Marie Roumet, Sven Trelle, Daniel G Fuster

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialClinical Trial, Phase II
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04911660 (Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial Assessing the Impact of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin on Urinary Supersaturations in Kidney Stone Formers), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04911660 phase2completednot on this map

Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial Assessing the Impact of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin on Urinary Supersaturations in Kidney Stone Formers

TypeinterventionalSponsorInsel Gruppe AG, University Hospital BernRan2021 to 2023Enrolled50ConditionsKidney StoneArmsEmpagliflozin 25 MG, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Kidney stones and SGLT2 inhibitors.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Manuel A Anderegg *Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8449-0232
Simeon Schietzel *Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Matteo BargagliDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Lia BallyDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1993-7672
Nicolas FallerDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Matthias B MoorDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Grazia M CereghettiDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Marie RoumetDepartment of Clinical Research, CTU Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Sven TrelleDepartment of Clinical Research, CTU Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8162-8910
Daniel G FusterDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. daniel.fuster@unibe.ch.ORCID 0000-0001-7220-1803

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for kidney stone prevention in nondiabetic patients is unknown. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, crossover phase 2 trial, 53 adults (≥18 and <75 years) with calcium (n = 28) or uric acid (UA; n = 25) kidney stones (at least one previous kidney stone event) without diabetes (HbA1c < 6.5%, no diabetes treatment) were randomized to once daily empagliflozin 25 mg followed by placebo or reverse (2 weeks per treatment). Randomization and analysis were performed separately for both stone types. Primary analyses were conducted in the per protocol set. Primary outcomes were urine relative supersaturation ratios (RSRs) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP) and UA-validated surrogates for stone recurrence. Prespecified RSR reductions (≥15%) were met in both groups of stone formers. In patients with calcium stones, empagliflozin reduced RSR CaP (relative difference to placebo, -36%; 95% confidence interval, -48% to -21%; P < 0.001), but not RSRs CaOx and UA. In patients with UA stones, empagliflozin reduced RSR UA (-30%; 95% confidence interval, -44% to -12%; P = 0.002) but not RSRs CaOx and CaP. No serious or prespecified adverse events occurred. Thus, empagliflozin substantially reduced RSRs in nondiabetic adults with calcium and UA kidney stones. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04911660 .

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsCalciumGlucosidesKidney CalculiSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsUric AcidAdultAgedCalcium OxalateCalcium PhosphatesCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedBenzhydryl CompoundsCalciumCalcium Oxalatecalcium phosphateCalcium PhosphatesempagliflozinGlucosidesSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsUric Acid

Identifiers

PMID39747681
PMCPMC11750721

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.