Evidence mapPaperPMID 39747857Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Effects of seven days' fasting on physical performance and metabolic adaptation during exercise in humans.

Kristoffer J Kolnes, Emelie T F Nilsen, Steffen Brufladt, Allison M Meadows, Per B Jeppesen, Øyvind Skattebo, Egil I Johansen, Jesper B Birk, Kurt Højlund, Janne Hingst and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Kristoffer J KolnesNorwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Emelie T F Nilsen *Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Steffen Brufladt *Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Allison M MeadowsDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7129-008X
Per B JeppesenDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-8042-7554
Øyvind SkatteboNorwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-0771-9715
Egil I JohansenNorwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Jesper B BirkAugust Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-9775-4789
Kurt HøjlundSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Janne HingstAugust Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bjørn S SkålheggDepartment of Nutrition, Division for Molecular Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Rasmus KjøbstedAugust Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-0628-4994
Julian L GriffinDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1336-7744
Anders J KolnesSection of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4607-9642
Stephen O'RahillyMRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2199-4449
Jørgen F P WojtaszewskiAugust Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-8185-3408
Jørgen JensenNorwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway. jorgen.jensen@nih.no.ORCID 0000-0001-5851-220X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Humans have, throughout history, faced periods of starvation necessitating increased physical effort to gather food. To explore adaptations in muscle function, 13 participants (7 males and 6 females) fasted for seven days. They lost 4.6 ± 0.3 kg lean and 1.4 ± 0.1 kg fat mass. Maximal isometric and isokinetic strength remained unchanged, while peak oxygen uptake decreased by 13%. Muscle glycogen was halved, while expression of electron transport chain proteins was unchanged. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression increased 13-fold, accompanied by inhibitory pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation, reduced carbohydrate oxidation and decreased exercise endurance capacity. Fasting had no impact on 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, challenging its proposed role in muscle protein degradation. The participants maintained muscle strength and oxidative enzymes in skeletal muscle during fasting but carbohydrate oxidation and high-intensity endurance capacity were reduced.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalExerciseFastingGlycogenMuscle, SkeletalAdultAMP-Activated Protein KinasesFemaleHumansMaleMuscle StrengthOxidation-ReductionOxygen ConsumptionPhosphorylationPhysical EndurancePhysical Functional PerformanceAMP-Activated Protein KinasesGlycogenPDK4 protein, humanPyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase

Identifiers

PMID39747857
PMCPMC11695724

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.