Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39748335›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Joint association of the inflammatory marker and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: a national prospective study.

Yifei Cao, Wenfeng Wang, Shidong Xie, Yanfang Xu, Zishan Lin

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yifei Cao *The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Wenfeng Wang *The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Shidong XieThe First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
Yanfang XuThe First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China. xuyanfang99@hotmail.com.
Zishan LinThe First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China. linzishan1993@fjmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-3513-6939

Funding

Fujian Research and Training Grants for Young and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare 2022QNRCYX-XYFNational Natural Science Foundation of China 82300803Talent Introduction Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University YJRC4003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and systemic inflammation significantly contribute to mortality. However, the joint associations of CKM stages and systemic inflammation with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the independent and joint associations of CKM stages and systemic inflammation with all-cause and CVD mortality in a representative cohort of United States adults.

methodsWe analyzed data from 29,459 adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). CKM stages were classified based on metabolic risk factors, CVD, and chronic kidney disease. Systemic inflammation was assessed using multiple indicators, and time-dependent ROC analysis identified the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) as the most effective inflammatory marker. The associations of CKM stages and SIRI with mortality were evaluated.

resultsOver a median follow-up of 109 months, 5,583 all-cause deaths and 1,843 CVD-specific deaths occurred. Both advanced CKM stages and elevated SIRI were associated with higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Individuals with advanced CKM stages (Stages 3-4) and elevated SIRI (> 0.81) had the highest risks of all-cause (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.65-2.05) and CVD mortality (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 2.00-3.12). These associations were particularly pronounced in adults aged < 60 years (P for interaction < 0.001).

conclusionsAdvanced CKM stages and elevated SIRI are associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality, particularly in younger adults. These findings highlight the significance of targeted interventions to address systemic inflammation and CKM progression, potentially improving long-term outcomes in high-risk populations.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesInflammationMetabolic SyndromeNutrition SurveysAdultAgedCause of DeathFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultBiomarkersCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndromeChronic kidney diseaseObesitySystemic inflammatory response index

Identifiers

PMID39748335
PMCPMC11697861

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.