Evidence mapPaperPMID 39748387Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2025

Longitudinal changes in remnant cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Yijun Zhang, Qin Xu, Xue Tian, Xue Xia, Shuohua Chen, Fen Liu, Shouling Wu, Anxin Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yijun ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Qin XuDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Xue TianDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Xue XiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Shuohua ChenDepartment of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China.
Fen LiuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You'anmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China. liufen05@ccmu.edu.cn.
Shouling WuDepartment of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 57 Xinhua East Rd, Tangshan, 063000, China. drwusl@163.com.
Anxin WangDepartment of Epidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 S 4th Ring W Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. wanganxin@bjtth.org.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFC3600600
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimThe analyses of longitudinal changes in remnant cholesterol (RC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains are limited. The objective of the study was to investigate the associations of longitudinal changes in RC with the risks of CVD and its subtypes (myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke). METHODS AND

resultsThe participants were enrolled in the Kailuan study. The RC short-term change pattern was defined by RC cutoff points according to equivalent percentiles for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 2.6 mmol/L at visits in 2006 and 2008. The RC long-term change pattern was defined as the RC trajectories from 2006 to 2010. Multivariate Cox proportion models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The cutoff values of RC were 0.52 mmol/L at the 2006 visit and 0.51 mmol/L at the 2008 visit. In the RC short-term change analysis, the participants in the high stable group had a 31% increased risk of CVD (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.22-1.41), 73% increased risks of MI (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.47-2.03), and 21% increased risks of stroke (HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.12-1.31) compared with participants in the low stable group. Three RC trajectories were employed in the RC long-term change analysis. Compared with the low stable group, the high stable group had a 1.34-fold risk of CVD (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.17-1.53), 1.66-fold risk of MI (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.24-2.21), and 1.22-fold risk of stroke (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.05-1.42).

conclusionsThe stable high RC was associated with a higher risk of CVD. Maintaining optional RC levels could reduce the lifetime risk of CVD and prolong the year of life free from CVD.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolMyocardial InfarctionAdultAgedChinaFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesBiomarkersCholesterolTriglyceridesCardiovascular diseaseLongitudinalRemnant cholesterolTrajectory

Identifiers

PMID39748387
PMCPMC11697916

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.