ArticleBMJ open2025
Geographical equity in Ethiopian infant feeding practices: a secondary analysis of a birth cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the geographical equity in Ethiopian infants' exclusive breastfeeding at 5 months and dietary diversity at 12 months and whether social factors explained the spatial inequities.
designSecondary analysis of a birth cohort study.
settingAnalysis of data from the Ethiopian Performance Monitoring for Action panel study conducted from July 2020 to August 2021 in five regions (ie, Oromia, Amhara, Afar and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples regions and the Addis Ababa City administration). We analysed geographical autocorrelation to assess geographical variations in exclusive breastfeeding and dietary diversity. Areas with higher and lower coverage of appropriate infant feeding outcomes were analysed using hotspot analyses. We performed geographically weighted regression to investigate whether sociodemographic factors explained the geographical feeding differences.
participants1850 infants were prospectively followed from birth to 12 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Exclusive breastfeeding at 5 months and minimum-level dietary diversity at 12 months.
resultsSixty-nine percent (95% CI 67 to 71) of infants were exclusively breastfed at 5 months, while at 12 months, only 16% (95% CI 13 to 19) had complementary feeding from five or more food groups. There were geographical variations in the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and minimum dietary diversity. Higher proportions of infants were exclusively breastfed at 5 months in northern areas, and more 12-month-old infants in central parts of the country had complementary feeding from at least five food groups. Sociodemographic factors explained a quarter of the geographical variation in dietary diversity.
conclusionMost Ethiopian infants were exclusively breastfed, which was in line with global recommendations but with some geographical differences. There was prominent geographical variation in dietary diversity, partly explained by social factors, but overall, very few 12-month-old infants were fed from at least five food groups. This low dietary quality could impair Ethiopian children's physical growth, development and health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.