Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39753544›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Exploring transition states of protein conformational changes via out-of-distribution detection in the hyperspherical latent space.

Bojun Liu, Jordan G Boysen, Ilona Christy Unarta, Xuefeng Du, Yixuan Li, Xuhui Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Pathway representationDigital discovery · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. De novo Folding Mechanisms of Lasso Peptides.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Unveiling hidden intermediate states in protein folding with AI-based conditional transition clustering.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. AI alignment is all your need for future drug discovery.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bojun LiuDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Jordan G BoysenDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Ilona Christy UnartaDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Xuefeng DuDepartment of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Yixuan LiData Science Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Xuhui HuangDepartment of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. xhuang@chem.wisc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7119-9358

Funding

Theory and Modeling of Functional Conformational Changes of RNA Polymerases_Diversity SupplementR01GM147652 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Xuhui Huang · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
National Science Foundation (NSF) IIS-2331669, IIS-2331669NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM147652United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) FA9550-23-1-0184United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (ONR) N00014-23-1-2643University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Hirschfelder Professorship FundU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) R01GM147652UW | Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison (VCRGE, UW) Research Forward Award
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identifying transitional states is crucial for understanding protein conformational changes that underlie numerous biological processes. Markov state models (MSMs), built from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, capture these dynamics through transitions among metastable conformational states, and have demonstrated success in studying protein conformational changes. However, MSMs face challenges in identifying transition states, as they partition MD conformations into discrete metastable states (or free energy minima), lacking description of transition states located at the free energy barriers. Here, we introduce Transition State identification via Dispersion and vAriational principle Regularized neural networks (TS-DAR), a deep learning framework inspired by out-of-distribution (OOD) detection in trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI). TS-DAR offers an end-to-end pipeline that can simultaneously detect all transition states between multiple free minima from MD simulations using the regularized hyperspherical embeddings in latent space. The key insight of TS-DAR lies in treating transition state structures as OOD data, recognizing that they are sparsely populated and exhibit a distributional shift from metastable states. We demonstrate the power of TS-DAR by applying it to a 2D potential, alanine dipeptide, and the translocation of a DNA motor protein on DNA, where it outperforms previous methods in identifying transition states.

Indexed as

Markov ChainsMolecular Dynamics SimulationProtein ConformationProteinsAlanineDipeptidesNeural Networks, ComputerThermodynamicsAlaninealanylalanineDipeptidesProteins

Identifiers

PMID39753544
PMCPMC11699157

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.