ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025
Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Delirium in Critically Ill Elderly Patients Without Kidney Diseases: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Postoperative diastolic perfusion pressure as a predictor of delirium after cardiac surgery.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Trajectories of blood urea nitrogen and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis-associated delirium: a retrospective cohort analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predicting ICU Delirium in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Using Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Admission Data: A Machine Learning Approach.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The U-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and the risk of sepsis-associated delirium development: a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Developing a Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Delirium in ICU Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Prevalence and prognostic value of baseline and post-treatment renal insufficiency in colorectal cancer patients: a large retrospective cohort study of 10,581 patients in Shanghai, China (2019-2023).Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study investigates the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and the risk of delirium in critically ill elderly patients without kidney disease.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the MIMIC-IV database. The relationship between BUN and delirium risk was illustrated through the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method. Patients were stratified by BUN levels and examined for delirium incidence using logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to explore potential causal relationships.
resultsThe maximum BUN level exhibited the strongest non-linear positive association with the odds of delirium. Compared to the Q1 group, both the Q3 (23-31 mg/dL) and Q4 (> 31 mg/dL) groups consistently showed increased odds of developing delirium. Subgroup analysis identified a significant interaction between BUN and midazolam, with the association only evident in patients not exposed to midazolam. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, the odds ratio for delirium was found to range from 1.35 to 1.39 in those with BUN levels exceeding 23 mg/dL. However, the MR analysis did not reveal any significant causal relationship (all p > 0.05).
conclusionIn conclusion, elevated BUN may be a risk factor for delirium in critically ill elderly patients without renal dysfunction, with this potential link possibly modulated by midazolam exposure.
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