Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39756769›Full record

ArticleThe journal of pain2025

Refining chronic pain phenotypes: A comparative analysis of sociodemographic and disease-related determinants using electronic health records.

Tahmina Begum, Bhagyavalli Veeranki, Ogenna Joy Chike, Suzanne Tamang, Julia F Simard, Jonathan Chen, Yashaar Chaichian, Sean Mackey, Beth D Darnall, Titilola Falasinnu

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of pain, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tahmina BegumUniversity of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Bhagyavalli VeerankiDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ogenna Joy ChikeHoward University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Suzanne TamangDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Julia F SimardDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jonathan ChenCenter for Biomedical Informatics Research, Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Yashaar ChaichianDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sean MackeyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Beth D DarnallDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Titilola FalasinnuDivision of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: tof@stanford.edu.

Funding

Characterization of Chronic Pain and its Biopsychosocial Mechanisms in Lupus using Electronic Health RecordsK01AR079039 · NIAMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI FALASINNU, TITILOLA · 2021 to 2025
$631k
NIAMS NIH HHS K01 AR079039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of electronic health records (EHR) for chronic pain phenotyping has gained significant attention in recent years, with various algorithms being developed to enhance accuracy. Structured data fields (e.g., pain intensity, treatment modalities, diagnosis codes, and interventions) offer standardized templates for capturing specific chronic pain phenotypes. This study aims to determine which chronic pain case definitions derived from structured data elements achieve the best accuracy, and how these validation metrics vary by sociodemographic and disease-related factors. We used EHR data from 802 randomly selected adults with autoimmune rheumatic diseases seen at a large academic center in 2019. We extracted structured data elements to derive multiple phenotyping algorithms. We confirmed chronic pain case definitions via manual chart review of clinical notes, and assessed the performance of derived algorithms, e.g., sensitivity/recall, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV). The highest sensitivity (67%) was observed when using ICD codes alone, while specificity peaked at 96% with a quadrimodal algorithm combining pain scores, ICD codes, prescriptions, and interventions. Specificity was generally higher in males and younger patients, particularly those aged 18-40 years, and highest among Asian/Pacific Islander and privately insured patients. PPV was highest among patients who were female, younger, or privately insured. PPV and sensitivity were lowest among males, Asian/Pacific Islander, and older patients. Variability of phenotyping results underscores the importance of refining chronic pain phenotyping algorithms within EHRs to enhance their accuracy and applicability. While our current algorithms provide valuable insights, enhancement is needed to ensure more reliable chronic pain identification across diverse patient populations. PERSPECTIVE: This study evaluates chronic pain phenotyping algorithms using electronic health records, highlighting variability in performance across sociodemographic and disease-related factors.

Indexed as

Chronic PainElectronic Health RecordsRheumatic DiseasesAdolescentAdultAgedAlgorithmsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeSensitivity and SpecificityYoung AdultChronic PainElectronic Health RecordsHeterogeneityPhenotyping AlgorithmsValidation

Identifiers

PMID39756769
PMCPMC11893247

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.