Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39757231›Full record

ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2025

A pan-immune panorama of bacterial pneumonia revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas.

Kun Xiao, Yan Cao, Zhihai Han, Yuxiang Zhang, Laurence Don Wai Luu, Liang Chen, Peng Yan, Wei Chen, Jiaxing Wang, Ying Liang and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
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  11. Diffuse alveolar damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Part 1: ARDS endotypes, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis, with dog and cat examples.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Myeloid cell reprogramming drives enhanced defense againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Kun Xiao *College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China. 13716608331@163.com.
Yan Cao *College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Zhihai Han *College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Yuxiang Zhang *Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China.
Laurence Don Wai Luu *School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Liang ChenRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine department, Beijing Jingmei Group, General Hospial, Beijing, 102308, P.R. China.
Peng YanDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 hospital, Beijing, 100074, P.R. China.
Wei ChenCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Jiaxing WangDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China.
Ying LiangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, P.R. China.
Xin ShiCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Xiuli WangCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Fan WangCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Ye HuCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Zhengjun WenRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine department, Beijing Jingmei Group, General Hospial, Beijing, 102308, P.R. China.
Yong ChenDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anzhen hospital afflicted to Capital medical university, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
Yuwei YangCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
Haotian YuThe Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China. yht200725@163.com.
Lixin XieCollege of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China. xielx301@126.com.
Yi WangExperimental Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China. wildwolf0101@163.com.ORCID 0000-0002-2031-087X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial pneumonia is a significant public health burden, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Current therapeutic strategies beyond antibiotics and adjuvant therapies are limited, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing of 444,146 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells (BALFs) from a large cohort of 74 individuals, including 58 patients with mild (n = 22) and severe (n = 36) diseases as well as 16 healthy donors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent and histological assays were applied for validation within this cohort. The heterogeneity of immune responses in bacterial pneumonia was observed, with distinct immune cell profiles related to disease severity. Severe bacterial pneumonia was marked by an inflammatory cytokine storm resulting from systemic upregulation of S100A8/A9 and CXCL8, primarily due to specific macrophage and neutrophil subsets. In contrast, mild bacterial pneumonia exhibits an effective humoral immune response characterized by the expansion of T follicular helper and T helper 2 cells, facilitating B cell activation and antibody production. Although both disease groups display T cell exhaustion, mild cases maintained robust cytotoxic CD8

Indexed as

Pneumonia, BacterialTranscriptomeAdultAgedBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidCalgranulin ACalgranulin BFemaleHumansInterleukin-8MacrophagesMaleMiddle AgedNeutrophilsSingle-Cell AnalysisCalgranulin ACalgranulin BCXCL8 protein, humanInterleukin-8S100A8 protein, humanS100A9 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID39757231
PMCPMC11701081

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.