ArticleClinical chemistry and laboratory medicine2025
An untargeted metabolomics approach to evaluate enzymatically deconjugated steroids and intact steroid conjugates in urine as diagnostic biomarkers for adrenal tumors.
Article in Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Plasma untargeted metabolomics reveals promising diagnostic metabolites for adrenocortical carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesUrinary steroid profiling after hydrolysis of conjugates is an emerging tool to differentiate aggressive adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) from benign adrenocortical adenomas (ACA). However, the shortcomings of deconjugation are the lack of standardized and fully validated hydrolysis protocols and the loss of information about the originally conjugated form of the steroids. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the deconjugation process and investigate novel diagnostic biomarkers in urine without enzymatic hydrolysis.
methods24 h urine samples from 40 patients with ACC and 40 patients with ACA were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry both unmodified and after hydrolysis with arylsulfatase/glucuronidase from
resultsSteroid glucuronides were fully deconjugated, while some disulfates and all monosulfates were still largely detectable after enzymatic hydrolysis, suggesting incomplete and variable deconjugation. In unhydrolyzed urine, steroid monosulfates showed the best differentiation between ACC and ACA (highest AUC=0.983 for C
conclusionsThis work highlights the limitations of hydrolyzing steroid conjugates before analysis and shows a possible superiority of a direct analysis approach compared to a hydrolysis approach from a methodological point of view and regarding diagnostic accuracy. Several steroid conjugates were found as promising diagnostic biomarkers for differentiation between ACC and ACA.
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