ArticleEClinicalMedicine2024
12-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes of semaglutide use for type 2 diabetes: a propensity-score matched cohort study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Burden and Risk of Depression in Patients Receiving Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Suicidality: A Systematic Review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Semaglutide Effects on Adipose Tissue and Emerging Effects on Brain and Cognition.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Association between different sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and the risk of dementia: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Psychiatric effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of emerging evidence.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and incretin-based therapies on dementia risk in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Daily Cigarette Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Inflammatory proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease reduced by a GLP1 receptor agonist: a post hoc analysis of the EXSCEL randomized placebo controlled trial.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Neuropsychiatric Outcomes With Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Epilepsy: Separating Evidence for Antiseizure Activity, Neuroprotection, and Disease Modification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Mental Health Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes: Active Comparator, New User Cohort Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Cognitive signs and symptoms in people with a psychiatric diagnosis on semaglutide: a retrospective cohort study of 13 007 patients in the USA.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Potential preventive role of low-dose methotrexate against incident recorded psychosis: a retrospective cohort study based on electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- How Negative Controls Are Used in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Methodological Scoping Review of Real-World Observational Studies of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Cardiorenal outcomes of weight loss interventions in people with CKD and type 2 diabetes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Article
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Potential Neuroprotective Role of GLP-2 in Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Observations, Mechanistic Insights, and Comparison with GLP-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Repurposing GLP-1 receptor agonists for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: While semaglutide, approved for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is being investigated as a treatment for brain disorders, concerns over adverse neuropsychiatric events have emerged. More data are therefore needed to assess the effects of semaglutide on brain health. This study provides robust estimates of the risk of neurological and psychiatric outcomes following semaglutide use compared to three other antidiabetic medications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records from TriNetX US Collaborative Network, covering >100 million patients in the USA. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, we did not use a pre-registered protocol or statistical analysis plan. Three cohorts with T2DM prescribed semaglutide between 1st December 2017 and 31st May 2021 were propensity-score matched (1:1 using a greedy nearest-neighbour algorithm with calliper distance of 0.1) with cohorts receiving sitagliptin, empagliflozin, and glipizide. Using Cox regression analysis, we compared the risks of 22 neurological and psychiatric outcomes within one year since the index prescription: encephalitis, parkinsonism, cognitive deficit, dementia, epilepsy/seizure, migraine, insomnia, nerve disorder, myoneural junction/muscle disease, intracranial haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, alcohol misuse, opioid misuse, cannabis misuse, stimulants misuse, nicotine misuse, psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suicidality. Negative control outcomes (NCOs) were used to assess unmeasured confounding. Findings: Each matched cohort included 23,386 (semaglutide Interpretation: Semaglutide is not associated with higher 12-month risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes compared to other antidiabetic medications. Potential beneficial associations with some outcomes, especially cognitive deficit and nicotine misuse, should stimulate validation in clinical trials. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.