Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39768263›Full record

ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Therapeutic Options in Alzheimer's Disease: From Classic Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors to Multi-Target Drugs with Pleiotropic Activity.

Ramón Cacabelos, Olaia Martínez-Iglesias, Natalia Cacabelos, Iván Carrera, Lola Corzo, Vinogran Naidoo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of phenyl-methanaminium 2-oxo-2Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  7. Therapeutic Potential ofJournal of inflammation research · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Doxycycline: An essential tool for Alzheimer's disease.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ramón CacabelosEuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0554-4037
Olaia Martínez-IglesiasEuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain.
Natalia CacabelosEuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain.
Iván CarreraEuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain.
Lola CorzoEuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain.
Vinogran NaidooEuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, 15165 Corunna, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex/multifactorial brain disorder involving hundreds of defective genes, epigenetic aberrations, cerebrovascular alterations, and environmental risk factors. The onset of the neurodegenerative process is triggered decades before the first symptoms appear, probably due to a combination of genomic and epigenetic phenomena. Therefore, the primary objective of any effective treatment is to intercept the disease process in its presymptomatic phases. Since the approval of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine) and Memantine, between 1993 and 2003, no new drug was approved by the FDA until the advent of immunotherapy with Aducanumab in 2021 and Lecanemab in 2023. Over the past decade, more than 10,000 new compounds with potential action on some pathogenic components of AD have been tested. The limitations of these anti-AD treatments have stimulated the search for multi-target (MT) drugs. In recent years, more than 1000 drugs with potential MT function have been studied in AD models. MT drugs aim to address the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease. This approach has the potential to offer more comprehensive benefits than single-target therapies, which may be limited in their effectiveness due to the intricate pathology of AD. A strategy still unexplored is the combination of epigenetic drugs with MT agents. Another option could be biotechnological products with pleiotropic action, among which nosustrophine-like compounds could represent an attractive, although not definitive, example.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasedrug developmentepigenetic drugsmulti-target drugsnatural bioproductsnosustrophinepathogenic pathwayspharmacogenetics

Identifiers

PMID39768263
PMCPMC11678002

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.