ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Aluminum Concentration Is Associated with Tumor Mutational Burden and the Expression of Immune Response Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancers.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unraveling RELA as a potential dioctyl terephthalate-related target regulates M2-like macrophages to induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer: a multi-omics data study by experimental validation.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Molecular Evaluation of RNA-Based Immune Checkpoint Profiling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mercury Bioaccumulation in Female Breast Cancer Is Associated to CXCR4 Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental pollution poses a significant risk to public health, as demonstrated by the bioaccumulation of aluminum (Al) in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the potential mutagenic effect of Al bioaccumulation in CRC samples, linking it to the alteration of key mediators of cancer progression, including immune response biomarkers. Aluminum levels in 20 CRC biopsy samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results indicated that Al bioaccumulation occurred in 100% of the cases. A correlation between Al levels and tumor mutation burden was observed. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed a significant association between Al concentration and the expression of the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA-4. Although correlations with PD-1 and PD-L1 were not statistically significant, a trend was observed. Additionally, a correlation between Al levels and both the presence of myeloid cells and IFNγ expression was detected, linking Al exposure to inflammatory responses within the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggested that Al can play a role in CRC progression by promoting both genetic mutations and immune evasion. Given the ubiquitous presence of Al in industrial and consumer products, dietary sources, and environmental pollutants, these results underscored the need for stricter regulatory measures to control Al exposure.
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Registered trials
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