ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Irisin: A Multifaceted Hormone Bridging Exercise and Disease Pathophysiology.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ashwagandha Does Not Enhance the Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Selected Energy Metabolism Parameters in Young Healthy Men.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- The effect of the Mediterranean diet combined with physical activity on cognitive function in older adults: a scoping review.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Skeletal muscle‑derived extracellular vesicles in multi‑organ degenerative disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic delivery perspectives (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Neurochemical Orchestra of the Runner's High: A Narrative Review of Neuromodulatory Mechanisms with a Focus on Endocannabinoids.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026Review
- Role Shift of Glial Cells from Physiology to Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: The Regulatory Impact of Exercise.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Exercise-associated changes in leptin and irisin relate to cognitive function in older adults stratified by cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exercise Intensity and Circulating Exerkine Responses: A Narrative Review of Selected Molecules.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Exercise, exerkines, and muscle-brain crosstalk in Parkinson's disease.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Irisin Signaling Resistance in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Proposed Mechanistic Framework for Post-Exertional Malaise Involving the TSP-1-HSP90α-αvβ5 Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- New Adjuvant Therapies for Obesity-Related Disorders Associated with Meta-Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD: miRNAs, myokines and exercise.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Metabolic Myokines and Adipokines in the Follicular Microenvironment: Implications for Oocyte Competence and IVF Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- In Silico Analyses Suggest That Exercise-Induced Irisin-Mediated Neuroprotection Supports Non-Pharmacological Preventive Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease in Public Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Irisin as a Regulator of Brain Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases.Cells · 2026Review
- Exercise Training and Biomarkers of Neuroaxonal Injury in Multiple Sclerosis: Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Seven days of warm-water immersion enhances resting irisin and BDNF, but not klotho, in older men.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based clustering to identify functional risk phenotypes in heart failure.Open heart · 2026Article
- T7 peptide-engineered liposomal Irisin mitigates PND progression through AMPK/PGC-1α signaling: multi-omic evidence of metabolic and epigenetic modulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Molecular and Physiological Adaptations to Seasonal Training in Elite U18 Ice Hockey Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in Aging: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Frontiers.Molecular imaging and biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), or irisin, is an adipo-myokine hormone produced during exercise, which shows therapeutic potential for conditions like metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review explores its potential across various pathophysiological processes that are often considered independent. Elevated in healthy states but reduced in diseases, irisin improves muscle-adipose communication, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic balance by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress. It promotes osteogenesis and mitigates bone loss in osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Irisin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and countering insulin resistance. In the brain, it reduces amyloid-β toxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress, enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, which improves cognition and synaptic health in AD models. It also regulates dopamine pathways, potentially alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression and apathy. By linking physical activity to systemic health, irisin emphasizes its role in the muscle-bone-brain axis. Its multifaceted benefits highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for AD and related disorders, with applications in prevention, in treatment, and as a complement to exercise strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.