ArticleScience advances2025
Subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces cortical layer-, brain region-, and protocol-dependent neural plasticity.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Changes in cortical plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Mapping shared and specific cortical after-effects of repetitive TMS on brain function.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates the hemispheric imbalance in major depressive disorder.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Efficient Gaussian process-based motor hotspot hunting with concurrent optimization of TMS coil location and orientation.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- rTMS-induced motor cortex activation drives neural network tissueoid mediated spinal motor neural pathway reconstruction.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Editorial: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets and approaches for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological and cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Normal Ageing Impacts the Extent and Diversity of Neural Plasticity Induced in the Mouse Brain With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Developing a reverse translational model of low-intensity rTMS in alcohol use disorder: The influence of theta burst stimulation protocols on binge alcohol drinking in mice.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (2024) · 2025Article
- Neural Circuit Mapping and Neurotherapy-Based Strategies.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Effects of intermittent theta burst to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on brain volumes and neurometabolites in people with alcohol use disorder: a preliminary investigation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is commonly used to study the brain or as a treatment for neurological disorders, but the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms it affects remain unclear. To determine the molecular mechanisms of rTMS and the brain regions they occur in, we used spatial transcriptomics to map changes to gene expression across the mouse brain in response to two commonly used rTMS protocols. Our results revealed that rTMS alters the expression of genes related to several cellular processes and neural plasticity mechanisms across the brain, which was both brain region- and rTMS protocol-dependent. In the cortex, the effect of rTMS was dependent not only on the cortical region but also on each cortical layer. These findings uncover the diverse molecular mechanisms induced by rTMS, which will be useful in interpreting its effects on cortical and subcortical circuits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.